Protein import into chloroplasts: new aspects of a well-known topic
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Abstract
Protein import into plant chloroplasts is a fascinating topic that is being investigated by many research groups. Since the majority of chloroplast proteins are synthesised as precursor proteins in the cytosol, they have to be posttranslationally imported into the organelle. For this purpose, most preproteins are synthesised with an N-terminal presequence, which is both necessary and sufficient for organelle recognition and translocation initiation. The import of preproteins is facilitated by two translocation machineries in the outer and inner envelope of chloroplasts, the Toc and Tic complexes, respectively. Translocation of precursor proteins across the envelope membrane has to be highly regulated to react to the metabolic requirements of the organelle. The aim of this review is to summarise the events that take place at the translocation machineries that are known so far. In addition, we focus in particular on alternative import pathways and the aspect of regulation of protein transport at the outer and inner envelope membrane.
©2007 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York
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Articles in the same Issue
- Protein import into chloroplasts: new aspects of a well-known topic
- Effect of bleomycin and cisplatin on the expression profile of SRA1, a novel member of pre-mRNA splicing factors, in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells
- Engineering high-speed allosteric hammerhead ribozymes
- Alkaline Bohr effect of bird hemoglobins: the case of the flamingo
- Chemical chaperone-mediated protein folding: stabilization of P22 tailspike folding intermediates by glycerol
- The central domain of transcription factor FOXM1c directly interacts with itself in vivo and switches from an essential to an inhibitory domain depending on the FOXM1c binding site
- The structure of CMS2MS2, a mitogenic protein isolated from Carica candamarcensis
- The proteome of the heterocyst cell wall in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120
- Involvement of Kupffer cell-dependent signaling in T3-induced hepatocyte proliferation in vivo
- PqsA is required for the biosynthesis of 2,4-dihydroxyquinoline (DHQ), a newly identified metabolite produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia thailandensis
- Cleavage of the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) by cysteine cathepsins in cells and tissues of stefin B-deficient mice
- Identification and analysis of the promoter region of the type II transmembrane serine protease polyserase-1 and its transcript variants
- Calpain proteolysis of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) -2 and -3, but not of IGFBP-1
- In vivo labeling with stable isotopes as a tool for the identification of unidentified peaks in the metabolome analysis of Corynebacterium glutamicum by GC/MS
