This book analyzes the development of Jewish positions on the relationship between Church and State from the Revolution until the Great War It is a comprehensive study of the complex interplay among different segments of the Jewish population and the community’s attempt to come to terms with its social and religious status in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

As this book demonstrates, the organized French Jewish community strategically charted the political waters by steering clear of extremist political positions and by adopting a “soft clerical” approach to Church-State issues. This centrist approach subjected French Jews to criticism from both anticlerical and clerical forces, but nonetheless the rabbinate, consistorial officials, and the Jewish press believed that French Judaism and French Jewry would thrive most in a climate of moderation.

“Kaplan convincingly demonstrates that, as distinct from a handful of militantly anti-clerical republican politicians of Jewish origins, the organized French Jewish community took a moderate and pragmatic approach to Church-State relations throughout the nineteenth century. In this newly revised and expanded edition of his previous publication, Kaplan extends his study to the eve of the First World War. He tracks how French Jews adapted to the tumultuous events of the Dreyfus Affair and the 1905 Separation law, including the challenges posed to Jewish tradition by secular marital law. While the steep rise in right-wing Catholic antisemitism during the Affair pushed representatives of French Jewry deeper into the republican camp, their approach ultimately remained one of 'soft clericalists' who, like their American counterparts, demonstrated flexibility and moderation on the issue of church and state.”

—Nadia Malinovich, author of French and Jewish: Politics and the Culture of Identity in Early Twenty Century France

“Kaplan tells the story of Jewish communities in France after political emancipation, as they navigated the fraught Church-State issue from the time of the French Revolution until the Great war. He animates his story for the struggle to remain Jewish in revolutionary France and the antisemitic fin-de-siecle with great figures, such as Adolphe Crémieux, against the broader sociological landscape of the Jewish establishment. His source materials are thus broadly conceived, with the world of journals, pamphlets, consistorial documents, correspondences, legislation, and even rabbinic sermons opening up new vistas onto the development of Jewish debates on the relationship between religion and government.”

—Maya Balakirsky, Bar-Ilan University, Department of Jewish Art