Central European University Press
Self-Financing Genocide
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About this book
Discusses the process of the economic annihilation of the Jews in Hungary, who– from the economic point of view – were more influential than any other Jewish community in Europe. Following the German occupation in March 1944 the collaborating Hungarian government attempted to assert its claim concerning the complete confiscation of Jewish assets at all stages of the road leading to the extermination camps. The cooperation with the Germans proved to be the most problematic in this area.
The story of the Jewish Gold Train is a relatively small but all the more emblematic chapter of the economic annihilation. The circumstances of the freight’s assembling, the German-Hungarian conflicts concerning the train, the looting attempts, the fate of the assets seized by the Allies (double victimization of the survivors) provide the reader with an insight into the history of the repeated looting of the Hungarian Jewry
The book analyzes the role played by SS-Obersturmbannführer Kurt Becher, one of the most controversial and mysterious figures in the Hungarian and universal history of the Holocaust. Becher, delegated to Hungary by Himmler, administered and benefited from the confiscation of an enormous amount of Jewish assets.
Author / Editor information
Gábor Kádár received his Ph.D. from Debrecen University, Hungary in 2004.
Vági Zoltán :Zoltán Vági received his Ph.D. from the Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest, Hungary in 2003.
Topics
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Frontmatter
i -
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Table of Contents
v -
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List of Illustrations
ix -
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List of Tables
xi -
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Acknowledgments
xiii -
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Preface
xvii -
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Prologue: The specifics of the genocide against Hungarian Jews
xxi - Part I. Rationality and Holocaust: Self-financing Genocide
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1. Hungarians and Jews
1 -
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2. The demography and sociology of the Jews before the German occupation of Hungary
9 -
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3. The economic status of Hungarian Jews
13 -
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4. The wealth of the Hungarian Jews
22 -
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5. The wealth of Hungarian Jews in international comparison
26 -
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6. From crisis to crisis: Anti-Semitic concepts and practice (1919–1936)
33 -
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7. Race-protectionism, the wealth of Jews, Aryanization (1936–1944)
50 -
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8. The road to the Holocaust: Hungarian Jews during the Second World War (1939–1944)
70 -
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9. 1944—The looting of Jewish wealth and its main problems: Speed, legal controversies, institutional rivalry, and the Germans
75 -
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10. Lofty goals and disillusioning reality
88 -
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11. Self-financing genocide 1: From death camps to budget, or: The Reich, occupied Europe, and Operation Reinhard
111 -
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12. Self-financing genocide 2: Auschwitz-Birkenau, the German budget, and the postwar fate of Hungarian Jewish property and the Melmer deposits
124 -
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13. Self-financing genocide 3: The profit to the Hungarian budget
135 -
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14. Multiple plunder: The fate of Hungarian Jewish assets at the end of the war and after 1945
143 - Part II. Legend and Reality: The Story of Kurt Becher
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1. The character and the sources
173 -
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2. Soldier, businessman, bureaucrat, mass murderer? Becher’s career until 1944
179 -
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3. Artificial chaos: Becher’s position in Hungary
192 -
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4. In the gateway to success: The Weiss Manfréd affair
195 -
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5. The Kasztner affair
209 -
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6. Stopping deportations and death marches from Budapest
219 -
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7. Halting the mass extermination of the Jews
225 -
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8. Becher: Savior of the Pest ghetto and Chief Inspector of the concentration camps?
233 -
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9. Evacuation: Removal of the Hungarian industry to the Reich
244 -
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10. Becher’s personal gain
249 -
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11. Assessment of Becher’s character
257 - Part III. The Story of the Hungarian Jewish Gold Train
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1. Assembling the contents of the Gold Train
279 -
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2. The train’s journey
287 -
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3. The trucks and Toldy’s journey
294 -
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4. International legal background and problems of definition
296 -
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5. The fate of those contents of the Gold Train which fell into American hands (1945–1957)
302 -
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6. Hungarian attempts to recover the contents of the Gold Train
318 -
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7. Critique of U.S. restitution policy and practice pursued in relation to the Gold Train
322 -
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8. The fate of the treasure that fell under French control
332 -
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9. The value of the contents of the Gold Train
340 -
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10. The historiography of the Gold Train
345 -
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Illustrations
371 -
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Appendix
379 -
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List of Abbreviations
383 -
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Bibliography
387 -
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Index of Personal Names
399 -
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Index of Geographical Names
405 -
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Subject Index
411