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Chapter 2 Methods used in soil and human health risk assessment

  • Albert Kobina Mensah
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Soil Pollution and Remediation
This chapter is in the book Soil Pollution and Remediation

Abstract

The chapter discusses the determination of total element contents in soil and environmental media as a crucial step in identifying potential risks associated with toxicity. Various laboratory methods and protocols are used to determine the total element or contaminant contents, such as the nitric acid digestion method or aqua regia. Soil characterization is also conducted to assess physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The chapter further highlights the environmental and human health risks associated with gold mining, including water pollution, cyanide spillage, soil pollution, and various diseases. A case study on arsenic contamination in a gold mine tailing is presented, showing the distribution of total arsenic content in different samples. The chapter concludes by discussing the use of risk assessment indices to evaluate soil contamination and human health risks, such as contamination factor, enrichment factor, pollution load index, geo-accumulation index, hazard quotient, and hazard index. These indices are important for assessing pollution, planning remediation, and ensuring compliance with regulations.

Abstract

The chapter discusses the determination of total element contents in soil and environmental media as a crucial step in identifying potential risks associated with toxicity. Various laboratory methods and protocols are used to determine the total element or contaminant contents, such as the nitric acid digestion method or aqua regia. Soil characterization is also conducted to assess physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The chapter further highlights the environmental and human health risks associated with gold mining, including water pollution, cyanide spillage, soil pollution, and various diseases. A case study on arsenic contamination in a gold mine tailing is presented, showing the distribution of total arsenic content in different samples. The chapter concludes by discussing the use of risk assessment indices to evaluate soil contamination and human health risks, such as contamination factor, enrichment factor, pollution load index, geo-accumulation index, hazard quotient, and hazard index. These indices are important for assessing pollution, planning remediation, and ensuring compliance with regulations.

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Preface VII
  3. Aknowledgments IX
  4. Contents XI
  5. Chapter 1 Evolution of land reclamation practices and introducing mine land degradation and revegetation in Ghana 1
  6. Chapter 2 Methods used in soil and human health risk assessment 29
  7. Chapter 3 Identifying risks using sequential extraction analyses, size fractionation, and acid neutralization capacity experiments 49
  8. Chapter 4 Risk identification using remediation incubation experiments, redox microcosm, geospatial analyses, and synchrotron radiation science 67
  9. Chapter 5 Impacts of mining on soil quality 83
  10. Chapter 6 Topsoil and its management during stockpiling 93
  11. Chapter 7 Effects of mining on the accumulation and pollution with potentially toxic elements 101
  12. Chapter 8 The power of plants in cleaning and stabilising potentially toxic elements in mine-contaminated soils 111
  13. Chapter 9 Achieving mining sector sustainability 143
  14. Chapter 10 Rehabilitation and restoration of degraded mined sites and soils 159
  15. Chapter 11 Case studies in mine land revegetation and remediation employing various approaches 171
  16. Chapter 12 Plant species used in revegetation and their corresponding impacts 189
  17. Chapter 13 Concurrent rehabilitation/revegetation 203
  18. Chapter 14 Arsenic in a highly contaminated gold mine spoil in Ghana: mobilization and potential of soil amendments to reduce the watersoluble arsenic content and improve soil quality 217
  19. Chapter 15 Significance of revegetation of degraded mining sites 239
  20. Measuring and monitoring success of post-reclamation efforts 259
  21. Chapter 17 Critical factors for driving successful restoration of degraded mine lands 273
  22. Chapter 18 Management of restored mine sites 291
  23. Chapter 19 The challenges and strategies for post-mine land restoration efforts in Ghana 301
  24. Chapter 20 A best-fit conceptual framework to enhance phytoremediation scaling 315
  25. Chapter 21 Phytostabilization of Co, Hg, Mo, and Ni by ryegrass with manure and iron oxides reduced environmental concerns 335
  26. Chapter 22 Identifying research gaps for future reclamation studies 363
  27. Chapter 23 General conclusions and summaries 373
  28. References 385
  29. Index 447
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111662046-002

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Preface VII
  3. Aknowledgments IX
  4. Contents XI
  5. Chapter 1 Evolution of land reclamation practices and introducing mine land degradation and revegetation in Ghana 1
  6. Chapter 2 Methods used in soil and human health risk assessment 29
  7. Chapter 3 Identifying risks using sequential extraction analyses, size fractionation, and acid neutralization capacity experiments 49
  8. Chapter 4 Risk identification using remediation incubation experiments, redox microcosm, geospatial analyses, and synchrotron radiation science 67
  9. Chapter 5 Impacts of mining on soil quality 83
  10. Chapter 6 Topsoil and its management during stockpiling 93
  11. Chapter 7 Effects of mining on the accumulation and pollution with potentially toxic elements 101
  12. Chapter 8 The power of plants in cleaning and stabilising potentially toxic elements in mine-contaminated soils 111
  13. Chapter 9 Achieving mining sector sustainability 143
  14. Chapter 10 Rehabilitation and restoration of degraded mined sites and soils 159
  15. Chapter 11 Case studies in mine land revegetation and remediation employing various approaches 171
  16. Chapter 12 Plant species used in revegetation and their corresponding impacts 189
  17. Chapter 13 Concurrent rehabilitation/revegetation 203
  18. Chapter 14 Arsenic in a highly contaminated gold mine spoil in Ghana: mobilization and potential of soil amendments to reduce the watersoluble arsenic content and improve soil quality 217
  19. Chapter 15 Significance of revegetation of degraded mining sites 239
  20. Measuring and monitoring success of post-reclamation efforts 259
  21. Chapter 17 Critical factors for driving successful restoration of degraded mine lands 273
  22. Chapter 18 Management of restored mine sites 291
  23. Chapter 19 The challenges and strategies for post-mine land restoration efforts in Ghana 301
  24. Chapter 20 A best-fit conceptual framework to enhance phytoremediation scaling 315
  25. Chapter 21 Phytostabilization of Co, Hg, Mo, and Ni by ryegrass with manure and iron oxides reduced environmental concerns 335
  26. Chapter 22 Identifying research gaps for future reclamation studies 363
  27. Chapter 23 General conclusions and summaries 373
  28. References 385
  29. Index 447
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