1 Polyphenol oxidases: an enzyme of bacteria and fungi
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Santosh Kumar
Abstract
The enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO) found in bacteria and fungi catalyzes the oxidation of polyphenols to quinones. PPO is widely distributed in nature and serves an important part in the degradation of organic matters, as well as in the spoilage of fruit and vegetable products. The enzyme is commonly found in the cell walls of bacteria and fungi and is highly active in the presence of oxygen. PPO is a key factor in the browning of plants, as the oxidation of polyphenol leads to formation of brown pigments and the release of compounds that contribute to off-flavors and offodors. PPO has also been found to be involved in the synthesis of melanin in certain bacteria and fungi, as well as in the biosynthesis of plant defense compounds. In addition to its role in spoilage, PPO has been additionally reported to have a plethora of therapeutic benefits on human health. PPO has been demonstrated to possess antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as to contribute to the control of blood sugar levels. The enzyme has also been found to have a potential role in the prevention of certain diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. This chapter, which discusses the potential of PPOs in both bacteria and fungi, was therefore prepared with the broad and future perspectives of the PPO enzyme in consideration. To better understand how bacteria and fungi contribute to the creation of the PPO enzyme is useful for biotechnology and the carbon cycling of natural ecosystems.
Abstract
The enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO) found in bacteria and fungi catalyzes the oxidation of polyphenols to quinones. PPO is widely distributed in nature and serves an important part in the degradation of organic matters, as well as in the spoilage of fruit and vegetable products. The enzyme is commonly found in the cell walls of bacteria and fungi and is highly active in the presence of oxygen. PPO is a key factor in the browning of plants, as the oxidation of polyphenol leads to formation of brown pigments and the release of compounds that contribute to off-flavors and offodors. PPO has also been found to be involved in the synthesis of melanin in certain bacteria and fungi, as well as in the biosynthesis of plant defense compounds. In addition to its role in spoilage, PPO has been additionally reported to have a plethora of therapeutic benefits on human health. PPO has been demonstrated to possess antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as to contribute to the control of blood sugar levels. The enzyme has also been found to have a potential role in the prevention of certain diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. This chapter, which discusses the potential of PPOs in both bacteria and fungi, was therefore prepared with the broad and future perspectives of the PPO enzyme in consideration. To better understand how bacteria and fungi contribute to the creation of the PPO enzyme is useful for biotechnology and the carbon cycling of natural ecosystems.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- About the editors V
- Preface VII
- Acknowledgments IX
- Contents XI
- Contributors XIII
- 1 Polyphenol oxidases: an enzyme of bacteria and fungi 1
- 2 Bacterial polyphenol oxidases and their applications in bioremediation 25
- 3 Fungal polyphenol oxidases and their applications in bioremediation 69
- 4 Polyphenol oxidase: an enzyme of plants 105
- 5 Polyphenol oxidases in plants: diverse role and functions 129
- 6 Polyphenol oxidase-based biosensors for the recognition of phenolic pollutants 147
- 7 Unlocking nature’s remediation arsenal: the role of polyphenol oxidases in efficient and eco-friendly industrial wastewater treatment 171
- 8 Application, current and future trends of bacterial and fungal polyphenol oxidases (laccases) 189
- 9 Statistical strategies for analyzing the production of polyphenol oxidase 223
- 10 Strategic adaptation for the enzymatic data analysis using ANOVA/MANOVA in R 257
- 11 Polyphenol oxidases: challenges and future prospects 293
- 12 Polyphenol oxidases: the future toward global sustainability 309
- Index 345
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- About the editors V
- Preface VII
- Acknowledgments IX
- Contents XI
- Contributors XIII
- 1 Polyphenol oxidases: an enzyme of bacteria and fungi 1
- 2 Bacterial polyphenol oxidases and their applications in bioremediation 25
- 3 Fungal polyphenol oxidases and their applications in bioremediation 69
- 4 Polyphenol oxidase: an enzyme of plants 105
- 5 Polyphenol oxidases in plants: diverse role and functions 129
- 6 Polyphenol oxidase-based biosensors for the recognition of phenolic pollutants 147
- 7 Unlocking nature’s remediation arsenal: the role of polyphenol oxidases in efficient and eco-friendly industrial wastewater treatment 171
- 8 Application, current and future trends of bacterial and fungal polyphenol oxidases (laccases) 189
- 9 Statistical strategies for analyzing the production of polyphenol oxidase 223
- 10 Strategic adaptation for the enzymatic data analysis using ANOVA/MANOVA in R 257
- 11 Polyphenol oxidases: challenges and future prospects 293
- 12 Polyphenol oxidases: the future toward global sustainability 309
- Index 345
