SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDES CONTAINING REPEATING SEQUENCES OF ENKEPHALIN

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter I
2. Preface VII
3. Committees IX
4. The 19th European Peptide Symposium was supported by X
5. Contents XI
6. In memoriam Karel Jost 1
7. THE JOSEF RUDINGER MEMORIAL LECTURE: AN INTRODUCTORY NOTE 5
8. PREDICTION OF POTENCY AND RECEPTOR SELECTIVITY OF REGULATORY PEPTIDES: THE MEMBRANE COMPARTMENT CONCEPT FIRST JOSEF RUDINGER MEMORIAL LECTURE 7
9. MAIN LECTURES
10. FROM PEPTONES TO PEPTIDES - A HISTORICAL RETROSPECT 25
11. KNOWLEDGE-BASED DESIGN OF NOVEL PEPTIDES 35
12. INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTORS: STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS 43
13. A. METHODOLOGY OF SYNTHESIS
14. PROTECTION
15. SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF THE 2—BROMOETHYL GROUP IN PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS 61
16. SELECTIVE PROTECTION OF CYSTEINE WITH FERROCENE DERIVATIVES 65
17. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES IN THE USE OF FORMIC ACID IN PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS 69
18. DIBENZYL DICARBONATE (Z₂O) , A NEW CARBOBENZOXYLATING REAGENT 73
19. APPLICATION OF FLUORENYLMETHYL ESTERS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF VIRAL PROTEIN FRAGMENTS 75
20. ELECTROCHEMICAL CLEAVAGE OF PROTECTING GROUPS 79
21. AMMONOLYSIS MEDIATED SIDE REACTIONS OF ß-T-BUTYL-ASPARTYL PEPTIDES 83
22. THE PHENOTHIAZINYL-(10)-CARBONYL (PC) - RESIDUE, A NOVEL AMINO-PROTECTING GROUP FOR PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS 87
23. TETRACHLOROETHYL MIXED CARBONATES: THEIR USE IN THE SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDES 91
24. TFMSA/TFA CLEAVAGE AND DEPROTECTION IN SPPS 97
25. COUPLING: INCLUDING RACEMISATION
26. IS THERE HOPE THAT FOUR COMPONENT CONDENSATIONS WILL BECOME USEFUL FOR PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN CHEMISTRY ? 103
27. USE OF FMOC AMINO ACID CHLORIDES IN THE SYNTHESIS OF TACHYKININ SEQUENCES AND INVESTIGATION OF THEIR HISTAMINE RELEASING ACTIVITY 107
28. IMPROVED PREPARATION OF CRYSTALLINE N-(9-XANTHYL) AMINO ACID N-CARBOXYANHYDRIDES FOR PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS 111
29. THE OPTIMIZATION OF REACTION CONDITIONS FOR PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS BY MEANS OF N,N-BIS/2-OXO-3-OXAZOLIDINYL/PHOSPHORODIAMIDIC CHLORIDE 115
30. APPLICATION OF MIXED PHOSPHINIC ANHYDRIDES IN FRAGMENT CONDENSATION OF PEPTIDES 119
31. A NEW PRINCIPLE FOR FRAGMENT CONDENSATION OF PEPTIDES 123
32. SYMMETRICAL ANHYDRIDE REARRANGEMENT LEADS TO THREE DIFFERENT DIPEPTIDE PRODUCTS 127
33. POLYMER SUPPORTED PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS
34. ESTERS OF FMOC-AMINO ACIDS WITH 3,4,-DIHYDRO-3-HYDROXY-4-OXO-1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZINE. A NEW CLASS OF SELF-INDICATING, ACTIVATED INTERMEDIATES FOR SOLID PHASE SYNTHESIS 131
35. DESIGN OF REAGENTS FOR SOLID PHASE SYNTHESIS 135
36. SYNTHESIS OF THE CARBOHYDRATE-FREE VESPULAKININ 1 BY THE CONTINUOUS FLOW SOLID PHASE PROCEDURE AND BY A COMBINATION OF SOLID PHASE AND SOLUTION SYNTHESIS 139
37. FACILE SOLID-PHASE PREPARATION OF PEPTIDES CONTAINING THE CH2NH PEPTIDE BOND ISOSTERE AND APPLICATION TO THE SYNTHESIS OF SOMATOSTATIN (SRIF) OCTAPEPTIDE ANALOGUES 143
38. SYNTHESIS OF A KARYOPHILIC PEPTIDE COVALENTLY BOUND TO PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE 147
39. GEL PHASE 13C NMR INVESTIGATION OF 'HYPER-HIGH LOAD' SOLID (GEL) PHASE SYNTHESIS OF AN LH-RH (1-5) ASSEMBLY 151
40. LIQUID PHASE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS EMPLOYING A PHENOLIC MODIFICATION OF THE POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL SUPPORT 155
41. A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF BENZHYDRYLAMINE RESINS 159
42. THIOETHER LINKAGES BETWEEN PEPTIDE SYNTHETIC INTERMEDIATES AND SOLID SUPPORTS 163
43. SOLID PHASE COUPLING OF PROTECTED PEPTIDE SEGMENTS. INFLUENCE OF THE POLYMER SUPPORT 167
44. ATTEMPTS AT THE SYNTHESIS OF FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE RELEASING PROTEIN (FRP) 171
45. PEPTIDE CYCLIZATIONS ON POLYMERIC SUPPORTS - SITE ISOLATION VERSUS SITE - SITE INTERACTION 175
46. SOLID PHASE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS WITH FMOC-AMINO ACIDS AN ALTERNATIVE PROTOCOL 179
47. ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS. SEMISYNTHESIS. RECOMBINANT SYNTHESIS
48. USE OF PROTEASES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF LH-RH 183
49. BIOSYNTHESIS OF HUMAN INSULIN IN YEAST VIA SINGLE-CHAIN PRECURSORS 189
50. STUDIES ON SYSTEM PROPERTIES INFLUENCING THE PARTITION CONSTANT IN KINETICALLY CONTROLLED ENZYMATIC PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS 195
51. ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF ASPARTAME. A STUDENT EXPERIMENT 199
52. ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OP FRAGMENTS OF THE GONADOTROP RELEASING HORMONE MOLECULE WITH LH-RH/FSH-RH ACTIVITY 203
53. NUCLEOPHILE BINDING IN CHYMOTRVPSIN PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS 207
54. SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF [Hse⁶⁵, Ala ⁸¹], [Hse⁶⁵ , Leu⁸¹ - and [Hse⁶⁵ ,Val⁸¹] - CYTOCHROME 211
55. ENZYMATIC SEMISYNTHESES WITH INSULIN: PREPARATION OF (ARG B31) INSULIN 215
56. ENZYME-ASSISTED SEMISYNTHESIS OF POLYPEPTIDE ACTIVE ESTERS FOR SUBSEQUENT SPONTANEOUS COUPLING 219
57. GENERAL METHODOLOGY: INCLUDING LABELLING, LARGE SCALE SYNTHESIS, ANALYSIS AND PURIFICATION
58. CHARACTERIZATION OF SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE HORMONE ANALOGS AND OF BYPRODUCTS 223
59. DDZ-, A HIGHLY EFFICIENT PROTECTING GROUP IN LARGE SCALE SYNTHESES OF THYMOSIN-alpha 1 RELATED PEPTIDES 227
60. CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF TRICHOTOXIN, A MEMBRANE ACTIVE POLYPEPTIDE MYCOTOXIN 231
61. CHEMICAL PHOSPHORYLATION OF SERINE PEPTIDES RELATED TO SUBSTRATES OF CYCLIC AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 235
62. COMPARISON OF FOUR APPROACHES TO THE SYNTHESIS OF RAT ATRIAL NATRIURETIC POLYPEPTIDE (ANP) 239
63. SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF THE ANTIBIOTIC EPIDERMIN, A HETERODET TETRACYCLIC 21-PEPTIDE AMIDE 243
64. ISOLATION AND STRUCTURE IDENTIFICATION OF A NEW MAST CELL DEGRANULATING PENTADECAPEPTIDE FROM PARAI/E5PULA VULGARIS 247
65. PEPTIDES CONTAINING ɑɑ-DISUBSTITUTED AMINO ACIDS. EXPERIMENTS RELATED TO ɑ-HYDROXYMETHYLSERINE 251
66. PROTAMINES - VI. TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF [PERORNITHINE]-THYNNINE Z1 AND AMIDINATION STUDIES 255
67. MULTIPLE POSITIONS 3H-LABELLING OF GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING FACTORS 259
68. THE SYNTHESIS OF CYSTEINE-CONTAINING FRAGMENTS (RESIDUES 6-12 AND 13-20) OF CLOSTRIDIUM BUTXRICUM APOFERREDOXIN 263
69. LABELLED [pGlu⁴ , Cyt⁶]AVP-(4-8): FAILURE TO LABEL PROLINE WITH TRITIUM BUT SUCCESSFUL INTRODUCTION OF [³⁵S]CYSTEINE 267
70. CONTRIBUTION TO LANTHIONINE AND CYCLOLANTHIONINE CHEMISTRY 271
71. LARGE-SCALE SYNTHESIS OP GRF(1-29) AND (1-44) AMIDES 275
72. PRESS-STUD PROTEIN CONJUGATES 279
73. B. PHYSICAL STUDIES ON PEPTIDES
74. INTERNAL MOBILITY OF A CYCLIC PEPTIDE. A ROTATING FRAME RELAXATION STUDY 283
75. SYNTHETIC HELICAL PEPTIDES 287
76. CONFORMATION—ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS IN THE SERIES OF MURAMYL—PEPTIDES 291
77. NMR STUDY OF THYMULIN, A THYMIC NONAPEPTIDE HORMONE. INFLUENCE OF Zn(II) COMPLEXATION ON THE CONFORMATIONAL PROPERTIES 295
78. OXYGEN-17 NMR STUDIES OF ENKEPHALINS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION 299
79. CONFORMATIONAL STUDY OF NEUROKININ A: COPARISON WITH SUBSTANCE P AND PHYSALAEMIN 303
80. THE CONSTRUCTION OF NEW PROTEINS - DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND CONFORMATIONAL PROPERTIES OF POLYPEPTIDES WITH ßɑß-TOPOLOGY 307
81. CONFORMATIONAL STUDIES ON THREE CYCLIC HEXAPEPTIDES RELATED TO THE SEQUENCE 7-11 OF SOMATOSTATIN 311
82. STRUCTURAL VERSATILITY OF PEPTIDES FROM C^ɑ , ^ɑ-DIALKYLATED GLYCINES: Acc⁵ - AND Acc⁶-CONTAINING PEPTIDES 315
83. SYNTHESIS AND X-RAY ANALYSIS OF OLIGOPEPTIDES CONTAINING ɑ-AMINOISOBUTYRIC ACID (AIB) 319
84. RENIN INHIBITORS AND SUBSTRATES: CONFORMATIONAL EFFECT OF PEPTIDE BACKBONE MODIFICATIONS 323
85. COMMON STRUCTURAL FEATURES FOR CYTOPROTECTION ACTIVITY OF CYCLIC RETRO ANALOGUES OF SOMATOSTATIN 327
86. SOLUTION CONFORMATION OF CONOTOXIN GI 331
87. PROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF ANGIOTENSIN II CONFORMATION: CHEMICAL SHIFTS FOR THE AROMATIC PROTONS OF SELECTED ANALOGUES IN DMSO—d₆ AT 40 0MZ. 335
88. CONFORMATIONAL STUDIES OF CARBA-ANALOGS OF OXYTOCIN 341
89. CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF CHOLECYSTOKININ CCK_27-33 AND CCK_26-33 BY ¹H NMR SPECTROSCOPY FLUORESCENCE TRANSFER MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS. 345
90. STUDY OF THE ß-TURN CONFORMATION IN PEPTIDES: AN INTRAMOLECULAR CHARGE-TRANSFER COMPLEXES APPROACH 349
91. SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE CHEMOATTRACTANTS 353
92. A 2D PROTON CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF TWO SYNTHETIC AMATOXINS ANALOGS 357
93. SURFACTANT-INDUCED ORDERED STRUCTURES OF GASTRIN RELATED PEPTIDES 361
94. SYNTHESIS AND CONFORMATIONAL STUDY OF CYCLIC HEXAPEPTIDE ANALOGUES OF SOMATOSTATIN : Cyclo(Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-o,m,p-AMPA) 365
95. INVESTIGATION OF CARBAZOLCARBONYL-SUBSTITUTED POLY-ɑ-LYSINE, poly[N⁶(9H-carbazol-9-ylcarbonyl)-lysine] 369
96. BIOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC PRESEQUENCES SUGGEST CONFORMATIONS IMPORTANT FOR PROTEIN LOCALIZATION 373
97. C. BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PEPTIDES
98. NEUROPEPTIDES
99. HIGH AFFINITY AND IMPROVED SELECTIVITY FOR 6 OPIOID RECEPTORS EXHIBITED BY NEW LINEAR HEXAPEPTIDES 377
100. SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGY OF CYCLIC ENKEPHALIN PSEUDOPEPTIDES 381
101. DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF RECEPTOR SELECTIVE PEPTIDE NEUROTRANSMITTERS 385
102. SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF SIDE-CHAIN TO SIDE-CHAIN CYCLIZED OPIOID PEPTIDE ANALOGS 389
103. SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ENKEPHALIN RELATED GLYCOPEPTIDES 393
104. DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTIVE AGONISTS FOR TACHYKININ RECEPTOR SUBTYPES 397
105. DISILOXANE-BRIDGED BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ANALOGUES OF THE ENKEPHALINS 401
106. CHARACTERIZATION OF A THIRD TACHYKININ RECEPTOR (SP-N) IN THE MAMMALIAN NERVOUS SYSTEM 405
107. SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDES CONTAINING REPEATING SEQUENCES OF ENKEPHALIN 409
108. SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PERIPLANETIN CC-2 COCKROACH NEUROPEPTIDE PROM CORPORA CARDIACA OP PERIPLANETA AMERICANA. L. 413
109. A NOVEL µ—SPECIFIC REACTIVE LIGAND OF THE OPIATE RECEPTOR 417
110. STUDIES ON CARBOXYL TERMINALLY EXTENDED DERMORPHINS 421
111. SYNTHESIS OP ANALOGS OP ENKEPHALIN DERIVATIVES OP 2-D-ALA,5-DESMET- ENKEPHALIN HYDRAZIDE AT THE FIRST AND FOURTH POSITIONS 425
112. SYNTHESIS AND PRELIMINARY BIOLOGICAL RESULTS OF DIMERIC DERMORPHIN- -LIKE PEPTIDES 431
113. ENKEPHALIN ANALOGUES CONTAINING POLAR AMINO ACID RESIDUES 435
114. CONFORMATIONS OF TACHYKININ PEPTIDES IN MEMBRANE ENVIRONMENTS 439
115. CONFORMATION ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP OF A SERIES OF PEPTIDES RELATED TO DERMORPHIN. A 500 MHz NMR STUDY 443
116. GASTROINTESTINAL PEPTIDES
117. SYNTHESIS OF CHOLECYSTOKININ PEPTIDES 447
118. CYCLIC HEXAPEPTIDE CCK ANTAGONISTS 451
119. SYNTHESIS OF PSEUDO-PEPTIDE AND PEPTIDE ANALOGUES OF THE C-TERMINAL HEPTAPEPTIDE OF CHOLECYSTOKININ AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON THEIR IN VITRO ACTIVITY ON RAT PANCREATIC ACINI 455
120. ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR PITUITARY PEPTIDES
121. SURPRISING FINDINGS WITH SOME DELETION-MODIFIED SELECTIVE V2 ANTAGONISTS OF ARGININE VASOPRESSIN 459
122. VASOPRESSIN ANALOGS WITH STRONG AGONISTIC - ANTAGONISTIC PROPERTIES 465
123. PHOTOREACTIVE AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS OF NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL HORMONES FOR RECEPTOR STUDIES 469
124. AC TH-PHOTOAFFINITY LABELS, SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF ANALOGUES WITH AGONISTIC AND PARTIAL AGONISTIC PROPERTIES 473
125. THE INFLUENCE OF PEPTIDE-RECEPTOR DISSOCIATION RATE CONSTANTS ON RESPONSES TO AND APPARENT POTENCY OF PEPTIDE HORMONES 477
126. SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF NOVEL GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING FACTOR ANALOGS 481
127. SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THREE ARGININE VASOPRESSIN ANALOGS WITH 4-HYDR0XYPR0LINE IN POSITION 7 485
128. STUDIES WITH PEPTIDES RELATED TO THE SEQUENCE 4-9 OF ACTH 489
129. STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF VASOPRESSIN: SYNTHESES OF NEW VASOPRESSIN ANALOGUES 493
130. OXYTOCIN ANALOGS CONTAINING TWO DISULFIDE BONDS 497
131. SYNTHESIS OF ALA-SUBSTITUTED ANALOGS OF ACTH/αMSH-(4-10) AND THEIR EFFECTS ON STEROIDOGENESIS AND PIGMENT DISPERSION 501
132. SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTION OF ACTH-MSH FRAGMENTS CONTAINING MELPHALAN 505
133. NOVEL GnRH AGONISTS CONTAINING L-β-ASPARTIC ACID DERIVATIVES IN POSITION 6 509
134. CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL SPECIES SPECIFIC GnRH ANALOGS WHICH CAN BE USED FOR THE INDUCED ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION OF FISHES 513
135. PANCREATIC PEPTIDES
136. SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE ANTAGONISTS OF GLUCAGON 517
137. NEW PHOTO-REACTIVE DERIVATIVES OF INSULIN FOR AFFINITY-LABELLING OF THE INSULIN RECEPTOR 521
138. SELECTIVE N- AND C-TERMINAL ELONGATION AT A1 AND B30 OF INSULIN: NEW APPROACHES TO PROINSULIN RELATED CONVERSION INTERMEDIATES 525
139. SYNTHESIS OF GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES: DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC ANTISERA AND ANALYSIS OF PROGLUCAGON PROCESSING 529
140. STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY STUDIES OF SOMATOSTATIN AHALOGS, SUBSTITUTED AT POSITIONS 4 AND 5 535
141. SYNTHESIS OF SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUES OF REDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY TOWARDS INTESTINAL ENZYMES 539
142. IMMUNOPEPTIDÉS
143. PEPTIDE CONJUGATES AS DIAGNOSTIC REAGENTS IN CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 543
144. PREDICTION OF HUMAN RENIN EPITOPES USING A NEW COMPUTER ALGORITHM 549
145. DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF IMMUNOGENIC COMPLEXES BUILT UP OF A PEPTIDE ANTIGEN, GLYCOPEPTIDE ADJUVANT AND POLYMER CARRIER 553
146. THYMULIN ANALOGUES FOR PROBING SPECIFIC BINDING SITES ON LYMPHOBLASTOID CELLS 557
147. SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ADAMANTYLAMIDE ANALOGS OF MÜRAMYL-DIPEPTIDE (MDP). 561
148. IMMUNOGENICITY OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE ANALOGUES 565
149. SYNTHESIS AND ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF PEPTIDES CORRESPONDING TO 200-210 SEQUENCE OF p28^sis ONCOPROTEIN. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF N^G-PROTECTING GROUPS 569
150. SYNTHETIC SEQUENCES OF CHOLERA TOXIN B SUBUNIT ARE IMMUNOGENIC PER OS AND DO NOT INDUCE ORAL TOLERANCE 573
151. SYNTHESIS OF LARGE NUMBERS OF COVALENTLY BOUND PEPTIDES IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE SPECIFICITY OF PEPTIDE ANTISERA AT THE LEVEL OF SINGLE AMINO ACIDS 577
152. SYNTHESIS AND IMMUNOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PEPTIDES OF THE THYMUS GLAND 581
153. STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS STUDIES OF DIPHTHERIA TOXIN USING SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES THAT ELICIT TOXIN-REACTIVE ANTIBODIES 585
154. ENZYME SUBSTRATES AND INHIBITORS
155. PREPARATION OF SUBSTRATE INHIBITORS OF THE AMIDATING ENZYME IN PORCINE PITUITARY 591
156. RE-APPRAISAL OF THE SERINE PROTEASE CATALYTIC MECHANISM: POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF AN ACYL-HISTIDINE INTERMEDIATE 595
157. PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF SELECTIVELY ε-NH₂ ACYLATED PANCREATIC PHOSPHOLIPASES A₂ 601
158. INTRAMOLECULARLY QUENCHED FLUOROGENIC SUBSTRATES FOR AMINOPEPTIDASE P IN HUMAN SERUM 605
159. SENSITIVE CHYMOTRYPSIN DETERMINATION USING FLUOROGENIC SUBSTRATES CONTAINING 2-QUINOLINONE DERIVATIVES 611
160. OTHER BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PEPTIDES
161. SYNTHESIS OF GLYCOPEPTIDES USING THE ALLYL ESTER AND THE ALLYLOXYCARBONYL GROUP AS PROTECTING FUNCTIONS 615
162. EVALUATION OF RECEPTOR SITES FOR PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM (MALARIA) ON HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES. CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDES RELEVANT TO GLYCOPHORIN A. 619
163. STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DESENSITIZATION OF SMOOTH MUSCLE TO ANGIOTENSIN II 623
164. STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP ON NEW PEPTIDE INHIBITORS ON THE ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME 627
165. FURTHER SYNTHETIC STUDIES ON POSITION 1 OF ANGIOTENSIN II 633
166. CONFIRMATION OF DIMERIC STRUCTURE OF HUMAN BETA-ATRIAL NATRIURETIC POLYPEPTIDE (ß-hANP) BY SYNTHESIS 637
167. SMALL PEPTIDES MAY BE TISSUE SPECIFIC MITOSIS INHIBITORS INDUCING TERMINAL DIFFERENTIATION 641
168. SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ANTIPARALLEL AND PARALLEL DIMERS OF α-HUMAN ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE 647
169. STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP OF LEPIDOPTERAN, SELF-DEFENCE PEPTIDE PRODUCED BY SILKWORM 651
170. BRADYKININ ANTAGONISTS CONTAINING HYDROXYPROLINE 655
171. D. MISCELLANEOUS: INCLUDING STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION
172. SYNTHESIS OF CHIRAL TETRAMIC ACID. THE INTERMEDIATE IN THE STEREOCONTROLLED PREPARATION OF STATINE ANALOGUES. KEY COMPONENTS IN ASPARTIC PROTEINASES INHIBITORS 659
173. AMINO ACIDS ON THE BASIS OF CYCLIC β-DIKETONES - SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 663
174. Participants 667
175. Authors' Index 677
176. Subject Index 681