THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF DIETARY TRYPTOPHAN AND PREFORMED NICOTINIC ACID AND NICOTINAMIDE AS PRECURSORS OF NICOTINAMIDE NUCLEOTIDE COENZYMES

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter III
2. PREFACE VII
3. CONTENTS XI
4. THE INTERNATIONAL STUDY GROUP FOR TRYPTOPHAN RESEARCH (ISTRY) A BRIEF HISTORY XIX
5. OPENING ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT OF ISTRY XXI
6. HOPKINS AND THE DISCOVERY OF TRYPTOPHAN XXIX
7. METABOLIC ASPECTS OF TRYPTOPHAN
8. MOLECULAR GENETICS OF L-TRYPTOPHAN 2,3-DIOXYGENASE IN RAT LIVER 1
9. BIOSYNTHESIS OF TETRAHYDROBIOPTERIN, THE COFACTOR FOR THE AROMATIC AMINO ACID HYDROXYLASES 7
10. RAT BRAIN TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE : PURIFICATION, ACTIVATION AND STABILISATION 13
11. EFFECTS OF INTERFERONS AND INTERLEUKIN-2 ON TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM IN HUMANS 19
12. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF KYNURENINE DETERMINATION IN HUMAN SERUM 27
13. AN EXAMINATION OF THE CIRCADIAN OSCILLATION OF HEPATIC HOLOTRYPTOPHAN PYRROLASE IN MICE 31
14. ENZYMIC DEGRADATION OF TRYPTOPHAN BY HUMAN PLACENTAL SLICES 35
15. PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INDOLEAMINE 2,3-DIOXYGENASE FROM HUMAN PLACENTA 39
16. PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TO HUMAN PLACENTAL TRYPTOPHAN PYRROLASE (INDOLEAMINE 2,3-DIOXYGENASE) 43
17. FUNCTION AND REGULATION OF EXTRAHEPATIC TRYPTOPHAN PYRROLASE (INDOLEAMINE 2,3-DIOXYGENASE): STUDIES OF ITS INDUCTION BY INTERFERON-γ 47
18. EFFECTS OF IND0LE-3-PYRUVIC ACID ON TRYPTOPHAN PYRROLASE ACTIVITY "IN VITRO" AND "IN VIVO" 51
19. THE METABOLIC DEGRADATION OF KYNURENINE AT TISSUE LEVEL BY RAT 55
20. THE MECHANISM OF DEHYDROGENATION OF TRYPTOPHAN RESIDUES BY TRYPTOPHAN SIDE-CHAIN OXIDASE II FROM PSEUDOMONAS 59
21. THE MECHANISM OF SPECIFIC ACCUMULATION OF L-KYNURENINE IN RAT FUR 61
22. CONTROL OF TRYPTOPHAN UTILIZATION IN LIVER CELLS 65
23. HAEM IS NOT A REGULATOR OF TRYPTOPHAN 2,3-DIOXYGENASE IN THE RAT LIVER 67
24. NEUROCHEMISTRY OF TRYPTOPHAN AND 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN
25. RUNNING INCREASES BRAIN AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID TRYPTOPHAN IN THE RAT BY INCREASING PLASMA FREE TRYPTOPHAN : CONSEQUENCES ON CENTRAL SEROTONERGIC METABOLISM 71
26. PERTURBATIONS OF BRAIN SEROTONIN METABOLISM AND SLEEPING / WAKING PATTERN OF RATS BY ENZYMATIC DEPLETION OF BLOOD TRYPTOPHAN 75
27. RAT BRAIN SEROTONIN: BIOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL EVIDENCE FOR A SEX DIFFERENCE 79
28. EFFECTS OF ANALGESIC DRUGS ON BRAIN SEROTONIN METABOLISM IN 81
29. EFFECTS OF TRYPTOPHAN LOADING ON PAIN AND MORPHINE REQUIREMENTS AFTER SURGERY 85
30. INFLUENCES OF FEEDING OYSTERS ON THE METABOLISM OF SEROTONIN IN ALLOXAN-DIABETIC RATS 87
31. EFFECT OF PREDICTABILITY OR UNPREDICTABILITY OF ELECTRIC SHOCK ON THE METABOLISM OF SEROTONIN IN RAT BRAIN 91
32. COMPLEX INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TRYPTOPHAN AND MACRONUTRIENTS ON APPETITE, MOOD AND PERFORMANCE 95
33. THE EFFECT OF IMMOBILISATION ON REGIONAL 5HT METABOLISM IN VEHICLE, TRYPTOPHAN AND VALINE TREATED RATS 99
34. BRAIN METABOLISM OF TRYPTOPHAN 101
35. STRESS, TRYPTOPHAN AND PAIN SENSITIVITY 103
36. BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS OF 5HT RECEPTOR STIMULATION 105
37. BEHAVIOURAL ROLE OF 5-HT 107
38. NEUROCHEMISTRY OF KYNURENINE AND RELATED SUBSTANCES
39. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF KYNÜRENINES 111
40. METABOLISM AND LOCALISATION OF QUINOLINIC ACID IN THE RAT BRAIN 117
41. ANTICONVULSANT ACTION OF KYNURENIC ACID IN REFLEX EPILEPSY IN DBA/2 MICE AND IN PHOTOSENSITIVE BABOONS 119
42. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KYNURENINE AND ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE 127
43. BRADYARRYTHMIAS AND MYOCARDIAL CELL FAILURE INDUCED BY KYNURENINE 131
44. KYNURENINE AS AN' ENDOGENOUS PHOTOSENSITIZER 137
45. KYNURENINE IN HUMAN CSF: REDUCED LEVELS IN EPILEPSY 141
46. NUTRITIONAL AND FOOD SCIENCE ASPECTS OF TRYPTOPHAN
47. PELLAGRA AND NIACIN BIOAVAILABILITY 145
48. PELLAGRA IN EGYPT 147
49. AMINO ACID IMBALANCE AND PELLAGRA 153
50. THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF DIETARY TRYPTOPHAN AND PREFORMED NICOTINIC ACID AND NICOTINAMIDE AS PRECURSORS OF NICOTINAMIDE NUCLEOTIDE COENZYMES 159
51. LOSSES OF TRYPTOPHAN DURING FOOD PROCESSING 165
52. METABOLISM OF A HIGH INTAKE OF NICOTINAMIDE IN CHOLINE DEFICIENT RATS 171
53. ABSORPTION OP L-TRYPTOPHAÎI IN THE SMALL INTESTINE OP CHICKS 175
54. NAD METABOLISM IN DIFFERENT ORGANS OF THE RAT UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES 179
55. DIETARY PROTEINS AND SERUM TRYPTOPHAN LEVELS IN FULL-TERM NEWBORN INFANTS 185
56. INFLUENCE OF DIETARY CHANGE FROM A PROTEIN-FREE DIET TO A 30% PROTEIN DIET ON NIACIN FORMATION FROM TRYPTOPHAN IN RATS 189
57. EFFECTS OF STARVATION ON TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION IN THE RAT 193
58. URINARY EXCRETION OF TRIGONELLINE AND N¹-METHYL NICOTINAMIDE BY HUMAN BEINGS AND RATS FOLLOWING ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF NICOTINIC ACID OR TRIGONELLINE 197
59. TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM DURING REPRODUCTION 203
60. PATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TRYPTOPHAN
61. BRAIN TRYPTOPHAN ABNORMALITIES IN HYPERAMMONEMIA AND LIVER DISEASE 207
62. b-HT PRECURSORS AS NEUROENDOCRINE PROBES 213
63. 5-HT METABOLISM AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR IN THE MONKEY 219
64. THE EFFECT OF ALTERING TRYPTOPHAN LEVELS ON HUMAN MOOD AND BEHAVIOR 225
65. BRAIN TRYPTOPHAN ABNORMALITIES IN INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM 229
66. TRYPTOPHAN IN TOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY
67. TRYPTOPHAN EFFECTS ON NORMAL AND INJURED LIVERS 233
68. AVAILABILITY OF TRYPTOPHAN AND FORMATION OF INDOLEAMINES DURING EMBRYOGENESIS 237
69. TRYPTOPHAN DEFICIENCY : ROLE IN ORGANOPHOSPHORUS TERATOGENESIS 245
70. TRYPTOPHAN DEFICIENCY AND THE FOETAL-ALCOHOL SYNDROME 251
71. INTERACTIONS OF THE HIGH PRESSURE NEUROLOGICAL SYNDROME AND TRYPTOPHAN METABOLITES IN THE RAT 257
72. 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN ADMINISTRATION AND ANOREXIA IN HYPERPHAGIC OVERWEIGTH PATIENTS 265
73. PLASMA AND CSF TRYPTOPHAN IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER ANOREXIA 269
74. PLASMA TRYPTOPHAN A BIOCHEMICAL MARKER OF SUICIDE BEHAVIOUR? 273
75. 5HT AND 5HIAA IN THE PLATELET AND PLASMA POOLS OF HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. DEFINITION OF AN "EX VIVO" UPTAKE INDEX 279
76. EVIDENCE FOR ABNORMALITIES IN THE PERIPHERAL METABOLISM OF SEROTONIN IN MELANCHOLIC (DSM III) PATIENTS: EFFECT OF ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT 283
77. RAISING PLASMA TRYPTOPHAN TO SUPRA-PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVELS DOES NOT INCREASE PLASMA PROLACTIN IN HUMANS 287
78. DETERMINATION OE VITAMINS B₁, B₂ AND B₆ DEFICIENCY IN ERYTHROCYTES USING AN AUTOMATED PROCEDURE : Application in Tryptophan metabolism disorders 291
79. TRYPTOPHAN METABOLIC STUDIES IM CALCIUM OXALATE UROLITHIASIS 295
80. INFLUENCE OF EMBRYOTOXIC SUBSTANCES UPON THE ACTIVITY OF ADPR TRANSFERASE IN ANIMAL EMBRYOS 301
81. TRYPTOPHAN, 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE AND SUBSTANCE-P IN CARCINOID PATIENTS 307
82. PRENATAL TREATMENT WITH AMINOPHYLLINE: EFFECTS ON THE LEVELS OF TRYPTOPHAN AT BIRTH AND POSSIBLE RELATIONS WITH THE CEREBRAL SEROTONIN BIOSYNTHESIS 311
83. INDOLES FROM PECAN NUTS AS INTERFERING COMPOUNDS ON CLINICAL CHEMICAL DIAGNOSIS AND AS A POSSIBLE NATURAL SUPPLY OF 5-HTP 317
84. DETERMINATION OF TRYPTOPHAN IN AMNIOTIC FLUID SAMPLES AS POSSIBLE MARKER IN PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS 321
85. SEROTONIN AND 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID CSF LEVELS AND PLASMA TRYPTOPHAN IN NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES 325
86. TRYPTOPHAN TRANSPORT INTO BRAIN MICROVESSELS 333
87. STUDIES ON TRYPTOPHAN PYRROLASE ACTIVITY IN POST-MORTEM LIVER HOMOGENATES 335
88. A CONTROLLED STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF L-TRYPTOPHAN IN MINIMAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION 337
89. THE ROLE OF 5HT IN AN ANIMAL MODEL OF DEPRESSION 339
90. POSTER COMMUNICATIONS ON METHODOLOGY
91. THE ELECTROCHEMICAL ACTIVITY OF TRYPTOPHAN AND ITS METABOLITES: ANALYTICAL IMPLICATIONS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO 343
92. SEPARATION OF FREE AND BOUND TRYPTOPHAN USING 4 DIFFERENT METHODS : COMPARISON OF 95 PLASMA 349
93. TRYPTOPHAN CHARACTERIZATION BY SYNCHRONOUS SCANNING SPECTROMETRY 353
94. SELECTIVITY IN FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY: APPLICATION TO TRYPTOPHAN ANALYSIS 359
95. THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF INDOLIC AND KYNURENINE TRYPTOPHAN METABOLITES IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS USING A SEP-PAK C-18 EXTRACTION 365
96. INTERACTION OF HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN WITH 6-NITRO-L-TRYPTOPHAN STUDIED BY VISIBLE DIFFERENCE SPECTROSCOPY AND INDUCED CIRCULAR DICHROISM 369
97. PRESENCE OF A CARRIER WITH A VERY HIGH AFFINITY FOR L-TRYPTOPHAN UPTAKE IN ISOLATED RAT HEPATOCYTES 373
98. FACILITATION OF L-TRY.PTOPHAN UPTAKE INTO RAT HEPATOCYTES BY ALBUMIN 377
99. METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE STUDY OF 5-HT RELEASE FROM NERVE ENDINGS IN VITRO 381
100. THE PRESERVATION OF WHOLE BLOOD SEROTONIN (5HT), AND ITS DETERMINATION USING HPLC 385
101. IMPROVEMENTS TO THE MEASUREMENT OF INDOLEAMINES IN THE FRONTAL CORTEX OF THE FREELY MOVING RAT USING INTRACRANIAL DIALYSIS 389
102. APPLICATION OF IN VIVO MONITORING TECHNIQUES TO THE STUDY OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FEEDING AND BRAIN TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM 391
103. GENERAL SUBJECTS
104. ISOLATION AND CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF A YELLOW SUBSTANCE DERIVED FROM THE OXIDATIVE DEGRADATION OF 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE 395
105. TRYPTOPHAN AND OCULAR LENS PIGMENTS 399
106. SOME CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE DEEP YELLOW PIGMENT OF PAPILIO MACHAON (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE) 405
107. CAFFEOYLTRYPTOPHAN FROM GREEN ROBUSTA COFFEE BEANS 409
108. INFLUENCE OF PILOCARPINE ON THE TRYPTOPHAN LEVEL OF THE CORNEA EPITHELIUM IN BOVINE EYE 413
109. AUTHOR INDEX 417
110. SUBJECT INDEX 421
111. Backmatter 431