Chapter 4. French Colonialism (1861-1945) Three languages: Vietnamese, Chinese and French Four writing systems: Chinese (Sino-Vietnamese), ideographic Vietnamese (Nom), romanized Vietnamese (Quoc Ngu) and French

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter I
2. Contents VII
3. Maps and Illustrations IX
4. Chronological Outline XI
5. Preface XIII
6. PART I. THE PRE-FRENCH PERIOD
7. Chapter 1. Chinese colonialism (B.C. 111-939 A.D.) Two languages: Vietnamese and Chinese One writing system: Chinese 3
8. Chapter 2. Monarchical independence (939-1651) Two languages: Chinese and Vietnamese Two writing systems: Chinese (Sino-Vietnamese) and ideographic Vietnamese (Nom) 13
9. Chapter 3. Monarchical independence and Catholic separatism (1651-1861) Two languages: Vietnamese and Chinese Three writing systems: Chinese (Sino-Vietnamese), ideographic Vietnamese (Nom) and romanized Vietnamese 35
10. PART II. THE FRENCH PERIOD
11. Chapter 4. French Colonialism (1861-1945) Three languages: Vietnamese, Chinese and French Four writing systems: Chinese (Sino-Vietnamese), ideographic Vietnamese (Nom), romanized Vietnamese (Quoc Ngu) and French 69
12. PART III. THE POST-FRENCH PERIOD
13. Chapter 5. National independence (1945-Present) One language: Vietnamese One writing system: Quoc Ngu 223
14. GLOSSARY 260
15. Bibliography 263
16. Index 279