Chapter 12 Toxicity of essential oils
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Abstract
Natural essential oils (EOs) and their compounds have substantially shown beneficial effects, but even with related herbal remedies that have been used for centuries. Still, uncontrolled practice can be devastating and can have consequences. A 100- to 1,000-fold increase in the concentration of EO components (often <0.01% yield) compared to the concentration of EO components in whole plants indicates that EOs are not equivalent to whole plants. All aspects of safety are now under scrutiny and new policies will rapidly prevent the trade and use of numerous EOs and cosmetics as well as their use in food. Some EOs are noxious if used in especially high doses, particularly when in use orally or by children and infants. It has been found that there is occurrence of several noxious components in several EOs that intrinsically makes them toxic, even utilized at very low concentrations. Though, further comprehensive studies are necessary to make sure the drug safety and efficacy before its authorization. The aim of this chapter documented the efficient available data associated with different aspects of toxicity, efficacy, and shelter problems of EOs. Further research is needed to evaluate and predict the toxicological characteristics of EOs via in vitro and in vivo methods. This study seeks to provide insight and/or update on the current state of the field through multiple reviews of specific aspects of the toxicity of EOs and their compounds as well as government focus. However, further research is needed to confirm the drug’s effectiveness and to evaluate the safety levels of the drugs proposed before approval.
Abstract
Natural essential oils (EOs) and their compounds have substantially shown beneficial effects, but even with related herbal remedies that have been used for centuries. Still, uncontrolled practice can be devastating and can have consequences. A 100- to 1,000-fold increase in the concentration of EO components (often <0.01% yield) compared to the concentration of EO components in whole plants indicates that EOs are not equivalent to whole plants. All aspects of safety are now under scrutiny and new policies will rapidly prevent the trade and use of numerous EOs and cosmetics as well as their use in food. Some EOs are noxious if used in especially high doses, particularly when in use orally or by children and infants. It has been found that there is occurrence of several noxious components in several EOs that intrinsically makes them toxic, even utilized at very low concentrations. Though, further comprehensive studies are necessary to make sure the drug safety and efficacy before its authorization. The aim of this chapter documented the efficient available data associated with different aspects of toxicity, efficacy, and shelter problems of EOs. Further research is needed to evaluate and predict the toxicological characteristics of EOs via in vitro and in vivo methods. This study seeks to provide insight and/or update on the current state of the field through multiple reviews of specific aspects of the toxicity of EOs and their compounds as well as government focus. However, further research is needed to confirm the drug’s effectiveness and to evaluate the safety levels of the drugs proposed before approval.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Contents V
- Author list VII
- Chapter 1 Introduction and general properties of essential oils 1
- Chapter 2 Essential oils, applications, and different extraction methods 25
- Chapter 3 Sources and raw materials of essential oils 47
- Chapter 4 Chemical composition of essential oils – fatty acids 65
- Chapter 5 Essential oils and their constituents 89
- Chapter 6 Extraction, production, and encapsulation of essential oils 121
- Chapter 7 Bioactivity of essential oils – anticancer, anti-HIV, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and other activities 133
- Chapter 8 Application of essential oils in industries and daily usage 155
- Chapter 9 Application of essential oils in pharmaceutical industry 177
- Chapter 10 Application of essential oils in agriculture and veterinary 213
- Chapter 11 Application of essential oils in alternative medicine 237
- Chapter 12 Toxicity of essential oils 253
- Chapter 13 Essential oil screening and bioactive potential of some selected trees from temperate zone of Kumaun Himalaya Uttarakhand 269
- Index 285
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Contents V
- Author list VII
- Chapter 1 Introduction and general properties of essential oils 1
- Chapter 2 Essential oils, applications, and different extraction methods 25
- Chapter 3 Sources and raw materials of essential oils 47
- Chapter 4 Chemical composition of essential oils – fatty acids 65
- Chapter 5 Essential oils and their constituents 89
- Chapter 6 Extraction, production, and encapsulation of essential oils 121
- Chapter 7 Bioactivity of essential oils – anticancer, anti-HIV, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and other activities 133
- Chapter 8 Application of essential oils in industries and daily usage 155
- Chapter 9 Application of essential oils in pharmaceutical industry 177
- Chapter 10 Application of essential oils in agriculture and veterinary 213
- Chapter 11 Application of essential oils in alternative medicine 237
- Chapter 12 Toxicity of essential oils 253
- Chapter 13 Essential oil screening and bioactive potential of some selected trees from temperate zone of Kumaun Himalaya Uttarakhand 269
- Index 285
