Chapter 4 Chemical composition of essential oils – fatty acids
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R Rushendran
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are complex, consisting of a variety of volatile and natural bioactive chemicals that it may be difficult to identify all types; they a are frequently used in the food industry as the best alternatives. Essential oils have different chemical compositions based on their source, ambient conditions, and plant species. Since time immemorial, the medicinal potential of these oils have been widely understood in the traditional system. In general, pure essential oils are classified into two chemical ingredient groups: oxygenated compounds (esters, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols, and oxides) and hydrocarbons (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes). Fatty acids make up 94-96% of the weight of different fats and oils. Fatty acids have a significant impact on the physical and chemical characteristics of glycerides, due to their high weight in the molecules and the fact that they make up the reactive fraction of the molecules. Individual oils, on the other hand, can have a large number of straight chain, aromatic, or heterocyclic compounds. Three primary components make up 86-93% of fatty acids: palmitic acid, linoleic acid (omega-6), and oleic acid. In the present scenario, fatty acids of essential oils such as myrcene, linalool, geraniol, bisabolol, palmitic acid, zinziberene, nerolidol, linoleic acid, eicosanol, and erucic acid have the capacity to treat different diseases and are discussed descriptively in this chapter.
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are complex, consisting of a variety of volatile and natural bioactive chemicals that it may be difficult to identify all types; they a are frequently used in the food industry as the best alternatives. Essential oils have different chemical compositions based on their source, ambient conditions, and plant species. Since time immemorial, the medicinal potential of these oils have been widely understood in the traditional system. In general, pure essential oils are classified into two chemical ingredient groups: oxygenated compounds (esters, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols, and oxides) and hydrocarbons (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes). Fatty acids make up 94-96% of the weight of different fats and oils. Fatty acids have a significant impact on the physical and chemical characteristics of glycerides, due to their high weight in the molecules and the fact that they make up the reactive fraction of the molecules. Individual oils, on the other hand, can have a large number of straight chain, aromatic, or heterocyclic compounds. Three primary components make up 86-93% of fatty acids: palmitic acid, linoleic acid (omega-6), and oleic acid. In the present scenario, fatty acids of essential oils such as myrcene, linalool, geraniol, bisabolol, palmitic acid, zinziberene, nerolidol, linoleic acid, eicosanol, and erucic acid have the capacity to treat different diseases and are discussed descriptively in this chapter.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Contents V
- Author list VII
- Chapter 1 Introduction and general properties of essential oils 1
- Chapter 2 Essential oils, applications, and different extraction methods 25
- Chapter 3 Sources and raw materials of essential oils 47
- Chapter 4 Chemical composition of essential oils – fatty acids 65
- Chapter 5 Essential oils and their constituents 89
- Chapter 6 Extraction, production, and encapsulation of essential oils 121
- Chapter 7 Bioactivity of essential oils – anticancer, anti-HIV, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and other activities 133
- Chapter 8 Application of essential oils in industries and daily usage 155
- Chapter 9 Application of essential oils in pharmaceutical industry 177
- Chapter 10 Application of essential oils in agriculture and veterinary 213
- Chapter 11 Application of essential oils in alternative medicine 237
- Chapter 12 Toxicity of essential oils 253
- Chapter 13 Essential oil screening and bioactive potential of some selected trees from temperate zone of Kumaun Himalaya Uttarakhand 269
- Index 285
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Contents V
- Author list VII
- Chapter 1 Introduction and general properties of essential oils 1
- Chapter 2 Essential oils, applications, and different extraction methods 25
- Chapter 3 Sources and raw materials of essential oils 47
- Chapter 4 Chemical composition of essential oils – fatty acids 65
- Chapter 5 Essential oils and their constituents 89
- Chapter 6 Extraction, production, and encapsulation of essential oils 121
- Chapter 7 Bioactivity of essential oils – anticancer, anti-HIV, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and other activities 133
- Chapter 8 Application of essential oils in industries and daily usage 155
- Chapter 9 Application of essential oils in pharmaceutical industry 177
- Chapter 10 Application of essential oils in agriculture and veterinary 213
- Chapter 11 Application of essential oils in alternative medicine 237
- Chapter 12 Toxicity of essential oils 253
- Chapter 13 Essential oil screening and bioactive potential of some selected trees from temperate zone of Kumaun Himalaya Uttarakhand 269
- Index 285
