2 Diversity and distribution of ammoniaoxidizing archaea in engineered and natural environments
-
Nilendu Basak
Abstract
As the part of biogeochemical cycle microbe-driven nitrification is the important nitrogen (N) removal step from wastewater where ammonia is converted to nitrite (ammonia oxidation) and ultimately to gaseous nitrogen. Recent research shows ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) also play significant role in nitrogen removal process in addition to the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), especially in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In WWTP amount of dissolved oxygen become critical which make life harder for AOB, while AOA could continued their activity in the oxygen limited environment. In line with activity of AOA in engineered system, although their role in natural environment is noteworthy, especially in driving N cycle, they are still unexplored in terms of diversity and function. While the cultivation and diversity of AOBs are well studied the same for archaeal counterpart is surprisingly overlooked. Although there is a bottleneck in the culture-based study of archaea, in recent years, however, with the development of molecular approaches such as “omic” technologies, the research on AOA has gained momentum. Environmental variables such as pH, nutrients, depth, organic matters act as determining factors for the diversity of AOA. This chapter summarizes the lesser-known part of the ecosystem - AOA, their diversity, distribution, and activity.
Abstract
As the part of biogeochemical cycle microbe-driven nitrification is the important nitrogen (N) removal step from wastewater where ammonia is converted to nitrite (ammonia oxidation) and ultimately to gaseous nitrogen. Recent research shows ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) also play significant role in nitrogen removal process in addition to the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), especially in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In WWTP amount of dissolved oxygen become critical which make life harder for AOB, while AOA could continued their activity in the oxygen limited environment. In line with activity of AOA in engineered system, although their role in natural environment is noteworthy, especially in driving N cycle, they are still unexplored in terms of diversity and function. While the cultivation and diversity of AOBs are well studied the same for archaeal counterpart is surprisingly overlooked. Although there is a bottleneck in the culture-based study of archaea, in recent years, however, with the development of molecular approaches such as “omic” technologies, the research on AOA has gained momentum. Environmental variables such as pH, nutrients, depth, organic matters act as determining factors for the diversity of AOA. This chapter summarizes the lesser-known part of the ecosystem - AOA, their diversity, distribution, and activity.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Contents V
- List of contributing authors VII
- 1 Anammox bacteria-mediated sewage treatment 1
- 2 Diversity and distribution of ammoniaoxidizing archaea in engineered and natural environments 15
- 3 Significant role of nitrogen cycle in wastewater treatment 31
- 4 Regulation and measurement of nitrification in terrestrial systems 55
- 5 Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: their biochemistry and molecular biology 65
- 6 Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in wastewater 83
- 7 An overview of biochemical and molecular mechanism of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and their potential application in wastewater treatment 105
- 8 Diversity and environmental distribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria 121
- 9 Metabolism and genomics of anammox bacteria 139
- Index 159
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Contents V
- List of contributing authors VII
- 1 Anammox bacteria-mediated sewage treatment 1
- 2 Diversity and distribution of ammoniaoxidizing archaea in engineered and natural environments 15
- 3 Significant role of nitrogen cycle in wastewater treatment 31
- 4 Regulation and measurement of nitrification in terrestrial systems 55
- 5 Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: their biochemistry and molecular biology 65
- 6 Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in wastewater 83
- 7 An overview of biochemical and molecular mechanism of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and their potential application in wastewater treatment 105
- 8 Diversity and environmental distribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria 121
- 9 Metabolism and genomics of anammox bacteria 139
- Index 159
