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Energy Transition Pathways for Asia and the Pacific: Regulatory Policies and Challenges for Renewable Energy Development

  • Hao Zhang
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Handbook of Energy Law in the Low-Carbon Transition
This chapter is in the book Handbook of Energy Law in the Low-Carbon Transition

Abstract

The Asia-Pacific region has an important role to play in the global energy transition. As a fast-growing region in terms of population, economy and energy demand, countries in Asia and the Pacific face a common challenge of meeting the increased energy demand with clean energy. Although the region holds nearly half of the global renewable energy investment, its energy portfolio is still heavily fossil-fuel dependent because the deployment of renewable energy significantly lags behind that of coal-fired power plants in supplying the energy needs of the region. By examining the various regulatory policies for renewable energy development in this region, including feed-in tariffs (FiTs) and renewable energy auctions or tenders, this chapter analyses the convergent and divergent regulatory challenges of promoting renewable energy investment in countries of this region. Regulatory policies for renewable energy are present in most countries in Asia and the Pacific. Still, their effectiveness is challenged by the domestic energy infrastructure and the regulatory systems for the power sector that are incompatible with large scale renewable energy uptake. This chapter provides insights into the diverse effort and the dynamic regulatory landscapes developed at various jurisdictional levels in the Asia Pacific region for renewable energy development that may guide other countries in the region towards energy transition.

Abstract

The Asia-Pacific region has an important role to play in the global energy transition. As a fast-growing region in terms of population, economy and energy demand, countries in Asia and the Pacific face a common challenge of meeting the increased energy demand with clean energy. Although the region holds nearly half of the global renewable energy investment, its energy portfolio is still heavily fossil-fuel dependent because the deployment of renewable energy significantly lags behind that of coal-fired power plants in supplying the energy needs of the region. By examining the various regulatory policies for renewable energy development in this region, including feed-in tariffs (FiTs) and renewable energy auctions or tenders, this chapter analyses the convergent and divergent regulatory challenges of promoting renewable energy investment in countries of this region. Regulatory policies for renewable energy are present in most countries in Asia and the Pacific. Still, their effectiveness is challenged by the domestic energy infrastructure and the regulatory systems for the power sector that are incompatible with large scale renewable energy uptake. This chapter provides insights into the diverse effort and the dynamic regulatory landscapes developed at various jurisdictional levels in the Asia Pacific region for renewable energy development that may guide other countries in the region towards energy transition.

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Preface V
  3. Preface IX
  4. Table of contents XIII
  5. Notes on contributors XVII
  6. Abbreviations XIX
  7. Introduction: Comparing Low-Carbon Transitions 1
  8. Part I: Methods and Concepts
  9. Editorial introduction 21
  10. Inter- and Trans-Disciplinary Research in the Energy Sector: an Overview 27
  11. Energy Governance Models 41
  12. Meanings of Energy Justice in the Low-Carbon Transition 65
  13. Energy Policy Instruments for a Low-Carbon Energy Transition 81
  14. Implementation and Enforcement Mechanisms in Energy Law 99
  15. Part II: Energy Markets
  16. Editorial introduction 119
  17. Interaction between Renewable Energy Integration and Wholesale Electricity Markets: a Legal and Regulatory Perspective 123
  18. The Role of Natural Gas in the Energy Transition 145
  19. Nuclear Energy and the Low-Carbon Transition: Exploring Potential Trade-Offs and Risks Involved with Enhancing Energy Access while Fighting Climate Change 165
  20. Accelerating the Phase Out of Coal in Australia: Key Trends and Drivers 183
  21. The Changing Role of Energy Networks in the Energy Transition 203
  22. Legal/Policy Tools and Strategies for Hydrogen in the Low-Carbon Transition 217
  23. The Financial Side of Energy Markets 241
  24. Greening Global Value Chains 255
  25. Part III: Regional Experiences
  26. Editorial introduction 273
  27. Energy Transitions and the Emerging Energy Law in Africa 277
  28. Energy Transition Pathways for Asia and the Pacific: Regulatory Policies and Challenges for Renewable Energy Development 291
  29. Governing for Net-Zero in the European Union 309
  30. The Low-Carbon Transition in North America 329
  31. Legal Pathways to Decarbonization in Latin America 339
  32. Part IV: National Experiences: Introduction
  33. Editorial introduction 363
  34. Energy Law and Regulation in Australia 369
  35. Brazil’s Energy Transition and Climate Litigation 387
  36. Legal Pathways of Decarbonization in China: The Emissions Trading Perspective 401
  37. Chronicling Energy Law in India in the Era of Low-Carbon Transition 413
  38. Energy Law in the Low-Carbon Transition in Japan: The Tough Road to a Low-Carbon Society after the Fukushima Nuclear Crash 435
  39. Mexico: Energy Transition in an Uncertain Legal and Institutional Setting 451
  40. Polish Pathway to Just Transition: Energy Law and Policy Trapped Between Sustainability and Security of Supply 467
  41. Part V: Local Experiences
  42. Editorial introduction 493
  43. Energy Communities: Comparative Perspectives from the EU and the US 497
  44. Realizing Peer-to-Peer Trading in the Electricity Market in the EU and its Member States 513
  45. Subnational Policies Driving Low-Carbon Mobility in the United States 531
  46. The Role of Cities in Low(er)-Carbon Transition 557
  47. Conclusion: Legal Knowledge for the Low-Carbon Transition 577
  48. Index 595
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110752403-025

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Preface V
  3. Preface IX
  4. Table of contents XIII
  5. Notes on contributors XVII
  6. Abbreviations XIX
  7. Introduction: Comparing Low-Carbon Transitions 1
  8. Part I: Methods and Concepts
  9. Editorial introduction 21
  10. Inter- and Trans-Disciplinary Research in the Energy Sector: an Overview 27
  11. Energy Governance Models 41
  12. Meanings of Energy Justice in the Low-Carbon Transition 65
  13. Energy Policy Instruments for a Low-Carbon Energy Transition 81
  14. Implementation and Enforcement Mechanisms in Energy Law 99
  15. Part II: Energy Markets
  16. Editorial introduction 119
  17. Interaction between Renewable Energy Integration and Wholesale Electricity Markets: a Legal and Regulatory Perspective 123
  18. The Role of Natural Gas in the Energy Transition 145
  19. Nuclear Energy and the Low-Carbon Transition: Exploring Potential Trade-Offs and Risks Involved with Enhancing Energy Access while Fighting Climate Change 165
  20. Accelerating the Phase Out of Coal in Australia: Key Trends and Drivers 183
  21. The Changing Role of Energy Networks in the Energy Transition 203
  22. Legal/Policy Tools and Strategies for Hydrogen in the Low-Carbon Transition 217
  23. The Financial Side of Energy Markets 241
  24. Greening Global Value Chains 255
  25. Part III: Regional Experiences
  26. Editorial introduction 273
  27. Energy Transitions and the Emerging Energy Law in Africa 277
  28. Energy Transition Pathways for Asia and the Pacific: Regulatory Policies and Challenges for Renewable Energy Development 291
  29. Governing for Net-Zero in the European Union 309
  30. The Low-Carbon Transition in North America 329
  31. Legal Pathways to Decarbonization in Latin America 339
  32. Part IV: National Experiences: Introduction
  33. Editorial introduction 363
  34. Energy Law and Regulation in Australia 369
  35. Brazil’s Energy Transition and Climate Litigation 387
  36. Legal Pathways of Decarbonization in China: The Emissions Trading Perspective 401
  37. Chronicling Energy Law in India in the Era of Low-Carbon Transition 413
  38. Energy Law in the Low-Carbon Transition in Japan: The Tough Road to a Low-Carbon Society after the Fukushima Nuclear Crash 435
  39. Mexico: Energy Transition in an Uncertain Legal and Institutional Setting 451
  40. Polish Pathway to Just Transition: Energy Law and Policy Trapped Between Sustainability and Security of Supply 467
  41. Part V: Local Experiences
  42. Editorial introduction 493
  43. Energy Communities: Comparative Perspectives from the EU and the US 497
  44. Realizing Peer-to-Peer Trading in the Electricity Market in the EU and its Member States 513
  45. Subnational Policies Driving Low-Carbon Mobility in the United States 531
  46. The Role of Cities in Low(er)-Carbon Transition 557
  47. Conclusion: Legal Knowledge for the Low-Carbon Transition 577
  48. Index 595
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