2 Chemical fingerprints and chromatographic analysis of crude oils and petroleum products
-
Chun Yang
Abstract
Crude oil is an extremely complex combination of a wide range of constituents. Petroleum products are derived from crude oil by a variety of refining processes. The chemical compositions of oil released into the environment are affected by weathering and mixing with background substances. Variation among crude oils provides a basis for differentiation and identification of oils and the sources of spilled oils. Refined oil petroleum partially inherits fingerprints from the parent crude oil, and weathered oil could retain the unique characteristics of the source oil, which enables a potential to trace its origin. The most important criteria for a forensic oil analysis are the concentration, distribution profiles, and diagnostic ratios of sourcespecific petroleum compounds. In recent decades, the technologies of oil analysis have continually progressed due to advanced and automated instrumental techniques. This chapter overviews oil chemistry and analytical methodologies for separation, identification, and quantitative analysis of selected petroleum hydrocarbons in crude oils and various refined petroleum products. We also discuss the effect on oil chemical composition of weathering processes such as evaporation, photodegradation, and biodegradation.
Abstract
Crude oil is an extremely complex combination of a wide range of constituents. Petroleum products are derived from crude oil by a variety of refining processes. The chemical compositions of oil released into the environment are affected by weathering and mixing with background substances. Variation among crude oils provides a basis for differentiation and identification of oils and the sources of spilled oils. Refined oil petroleum partially inherits fingerprints from the parent crude oil, and weathered oil could retain the unique characteristics of the source oil, which enables a potential to trace its origin. The most important criteria for a forensic oil analysis are the concentration, distribution profiles, and diagnostic ratios of sourcespecific petroleum compounds. In recent decades, the technologies of oil analysis have continually progressed due to advanced and automated instrumental techniques. This chapter overviews oil chemistry and analytical methodologies for separation, identification, and quantitative analysis of selected petroleum hydrocarbons in crude oils and various refined petroleum products. We also discuss the effect on oil chemical composition of weathering processes such as evaporation, photodegradation, and biodegradation.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- About the Editor V
- Preface VII
- Contents IX
- 1 Introduction to oil chemistry 1
- 2 Chemical fingerprints and chromatographic analysis of crude oils and petroleum products 47
- 3 Advances in Fourier transform mass spectrometry forensic tools for naphthenic acid fraction compounds in oil sand environmental samples and crude oil 127
- 4 Heavy oil resin composition and their influence on asphaltene stability 177
- 5 Asphaltenes: structures and applications 203
- 6 Asphaltene equation of state and oilfield reservoirs 307
- 7 Molecular distributions and geochemical implications of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds in crude oils 361
- 8 Analysis of petroleum-related samples by soft ionization/high-resolution mass spectrometry 383
- 9 Non-combustion applications of petroleum chemistry 423
- 10 Biomarkers in crude oils 449
- 11 Photooxidation of crude oil: formation, characterization, and fate of oil photoproducts in the environment 519
- 12 Molecular structure characterization of crude oil and its products by mass spectrometry 547
- 13 The distillation precipitation fractionation mass spectrometry (DPF-MS) method for molecular profiling of crude oil 619
- 14 Hyphenated gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques for the analysis of crude oil and petroleum products 643
- List of contributing authors 679
- Index 683
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- About the Editor V
- Preface VII
- Contents IX
- 1 Introduction to oil chemistry 1
- 2 Chemical fingerprints and chromatographic analysis of crude oils and petroleum products 47
- 3 Advances in Fourier transform mass spectrometry forensic tools for naphthenic acid fraction compounds in oil sand environmental samples and crude oil 127
- 4 Heavy oil resin composition and their influence on asphaltene stability 177
- 5 Asphaltenes: structures and applications 203
- 6 Asphaltene equation of state and oilfield reservoirs 307
- 7 Molecular distributions and geochemical implications of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds in crude oils 361
- 8 Analysis of petroleum-related samples by soft ionization/high-resolution mass spectrometry 383
- 9 Non-combustion applications of petroleum chemistry 423
- 10 Biomarkers in crude oils 449
- 11 Photooxidation of crude oil: formation, characterization, and fate of oil photoproducts in the environment 519
- 12 Molecular structure characterization of crude oil and its products by mass spectrometry 547
- 13 The distillation precipitation fractionation mass spectrometry (DPF-MS) method for molecular profiling of crude oil 619
- 14 Hyphenated gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques for the analysis of crude oil and petroleum products 643
- List of contributing authors 679
- Index 683
