23. Crisis communication and social media: Short history of the evolution of social media in crisis communication

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter I
2. Preface to Handbooks of Communication Science series V
3. Acknowledgements IX
4. Contents XI
5. Section I – Introducing the field
6. 1. General introduction 1
7. 2. A brief history of crisis management and crisis communication: From organizational practice to academic discipline 17
8. 3. Reframing the field: Public crisis management, political crisis management, and corporate crisis management 59
9. Section II – Between text and context
10. 4. Image repair theory 105
11. 5. Situational crisis communication theory: Influences, provenance, evolution, and prospects 121
12. 6. Contingency theory: Evolution from a public relations theory to a theory of strategic conflict management 141
13. 7. Discourse of renewal: Understanding the theory’s implications for the field of crisis communication 165
14. 8. Making sense of crisis sensemaking theory: Weick’s contributions to the study of crisis communication 177
15. 9. Arenas and voices in organizational crisis communication: How far have we come? 195
16. 10. Visual crisis communication 213
17. Section III – Organizational level
18. 11. To minimize or mobilize? The trade-offs associated with the crisis communication process 237
19. 12. Internal crisis communication: On current and future research 259
20. 13. Whistleblowing in organizations 279
21. 14. Employee reactions to negative media coverage 299
22. 15. Crisis communication and organizational resilience 319
23. Section IV – Interorganizational level
24. 16. Fixing the broken link: Communication strategies for supply chain crises 343
25. 17. Reputational interdependence and spillover: Exploring the contextual challenges of spillover crisis response 363
26. 18. Crisis management consulting: An emerging field of study 375
27. Section V – Societal level
28. 19. Crisis and emergency risk communication: Past, present, and future 401
29. 20. Crisis communication in public organizations 419
30. 21. Communicating and managing crisis in the world of politics 439
31. 22. Crisis communication and the political scandal 461
32. 23. Crisis communication and social media: Short history of the evolution of social media in crisis communication 477
33. 24. Mass media and their symbiotic relationship with crisis 493
34. Section VI – Intersocietal level
35. 25. Should CEOs of multinationals be spokespersons during an overseas product harm crisis? 511
36. 26. Intercultural and multicultural approaches to crisis communication 523
37. Section VII – Critical approaches
38. 27. Ethics in crisis communication 543
39. Section VIII – The future
40. 28. The future of organizational crises, crisis management and crisis communication 565
41. Biographical sketches 571
42. Index 581