Hard Places

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Table of Contents v
3. Multilingualism in the Middle Ages 1
4. “Victor Victus” 47
5. The Impact of Bilingualism and Diglossia in Cantabria (Spain) during Late Antiquity 65
6. “The Walling of New Ross,” 1265 85
7. The Power of Multilingualism in the Voices of Hildegard of Bingen 103
8. At the Crossroads of Languages 127
9. Vernacular Bilingualism in Professional Spaces, 1200 to 1400 145
10. A Kingdom of Many Languages 165
11. Multilingualism and Power in the Latin East 177
12. Apothecary’s Art as a Contact Zone in Late Medieval Southern France 207
13. Xenoglossia and Multilingualism in Middle English Sermons on Pentecost 233
14. Bi- and Multilingualism in the Early English Ballad 249
15. Multilingualism in Medieval Europe 279
16. Language Switching and Alliteration in Oxford, MS Bodley 649 313
17. The Devil Is in the Details 329
18. Hard Places 355
19. Index 395