E.3 Probabilistic Model

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Preface v
3. Contents vii
4. Part A: Introduction to Information Science
5. A.1 What is Information Science? 3
6. A.2 Knowledge and Information 20
7. A.3 Information and Understanding 50
8. A.4 Documents 62
9. A.5 Information Literacy 78
10. Information Retrieval
11. Part B: Propaedeutics of Information Retrieval
12. B.1 History of Information Retrieval 93
13. B.2 Basic Ideas of Information Retrieval 105
14. B.3 Relevance and Pertinence 118
15. B.4 Crawlers 129
16. B.5 Typology of Information Retrieval Systems 141
17. B.6 Architecture of Retrieval Systems 157
18. Part C: Natural Language Processing
19. C.1 n-Grams 169
20. C.2 Words 179
21. C.3 Phrases—Named Entities—Compounds— Semantic Environments 198
22. C.4 Anaphora 219
23. C.5 Fault-Tolerant Retrieval 227
24. Part D: Boolean Retrieval Systems
25. D.1 Boolean Retrieval 241
26. D.2 Search Strategies 253
27. D.3 Weighted Boolean Retrieval 266
28. Part E: Classical Retrieval Models
29. E.1 Text Statistics 277
30. E.2 Vector Space Model 289
31. E.3 Probabilistic Model 301
32. E.4 Retrieval of Non-Textual Documents 312
33. Part F: Web Information Retrieval
34. F.1 Link Topology 329
35. F.2 Ranking Factors 345
36. F.3 Personalized Retrieval 361
37. F.4 Topic Detection and Tracking 366
38. Part G: Special Problems of Information Retrieval
39. G.1 Social Networks and “Small Worlds” 377
40. G.2 Visual Retrieval Tools 389
41. G.3 Cross-Language Information Retrieval 399
42. G.4 (Semi-)Automatic Query Expansion 408
43. G.5 Recommender Systems 416
44. G.6 Passage Retrieval and Question Answering 423
45. G.7 Emotional Retrieval and Sentiment Analysis 430
46. Part H: Empirical Investigations on Information Retrieval
47. H.1 Informetric Analyses 445
48. H.2 Analytical Tools and Methods 453
49. H.3 User and Usage Research 465
50. H.4 Evaluation of Retrieval Systems 481
51. Knowledge Representation
52. Part I: Propaedeutics of Knowledge Representation
53. I.1 History of Knowledge Representation 503
54. I.2 Basic Ideas of Knowledge Representation 519
55. I.3 Concepts 531
56. I.4 Semantic Relations 547
57. Part J: Metadata
58. J.1 Bibliographic Metadata 567
59. J.2 Metadata about Objects 586
60. J.3 Non-Topical Information Filters 598
61. Part K: Folksonomies
62. K.1 Social Tagging 611
63. K.2 Tag Gardening 621
64. K.3 Folksonomies and Relevance Ranking 629
65. Part L: Knowledge Organization Systems
66. L.1 Nomenclature 635
67. L.2 Classification 647
68. L.3 Thesaurus 675
69. L.4 Ontology 697
70. L.5 Faceted Knowledge Organization Systems 707
71. L.6 Crosswalks between Knowledge Organization Systems 719
72. Part M: Text-Oriented Knowledge Organization Methods
73. M.1 Text-Word Method 735
74. M.2 Citation Indexing 744
75. Part N: Indexing
76. N.1 Intellectual Indexing 759
77. N.2 Automatic Indexing 772
78. Part O: Summarization
79. O.1 Abstracts 783
80. O.2 Extracts 796
81. Part P: Empirical Investigations on Knowledge Representation
82. P.1 Evaluation of Knowledge Organization Systems 809
83. P.2 Evaluation of Indexing and Summarization 817
84. Part Q: Glossary and Indexes
85. Q.1 Glossary 829
86. Q.2 List of Abbreviations 851
87. Q.3 List of Tables 854
88. Q.4 List of Figures 855
89. Q.5 Index of Names 860
90. Q.6 Subject Index 879