Everyone to Skis!

Nowhere in the world was the sport of biathlon, a combination of cross-country skiing and rifle marksmanship, taken more seriously than in the Soviet Union, and no other nation garnered greater success at international venues. From the introduction of modern biathlon in 1958 to the USSR's demise in 1991, athletes representing the Soviet Union won almost half of all possible medals awarded in world championship and Olympic competition. Yet more than sheer technical skill created Soviet superiority in biathlon. The sport embodied the Soviet Union's culture, educational system and historical experience and provided the perfect ideological platform to promote the state's socialist viewpoint and military might, imbuing the sport with a Cold War sensibility that transcended the government's primary quest for post-war success at the Olympics.

William D. Frank's book is the first comprehensive analysis of how the Soviet government interpreted the sport of skiing as a cultural, ideological, political and social tool throughout the course of seven decades. In the beginning, the Soviet Union owned biathlon, and so the stories of both the state and the event are inseparable. Through the author's unique perspective on biathlon as a former nationally-ranked competitor and current professor of Soviet history, Everyone to Skis! will appeal to students and scholars of Russian and Soviet history as well as to general readers with an interest in skiing and the development of twentieth-century sport.

William D. Frank earned his PhD in History at the University of Washington. He competed in the United States Biathlon Team Selection Trials for the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, New York and the 1981 Biathlon World Championships in Lahti, Finland, the United States Biathlon Qualification Race Series for the 1984 Winter Olympic Games in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, the United States Biathlon National Championships of 1979 and 1981, and the United States National Cross-Country Championships of 1985. He is an occasional lecturer in History and Humanities at Central Washington University.

Frank offers a well-researched and significant addition to the fields of sport history and Russian/Soviet history, enhancing our understanding of an important but not widely studied part of Russian/Soviet culture and society.

Frank is uniquely suited to write the first history of Russian biathlon... Summing Up: Recommended.

I doubt there are many ex-biathletes with a PhD in history, but I give you William Frank, who here richly unfurls Soviet culture by way of guys who ski and shoot.

Meticulously researched and highly readable, Everyone to Skis! provides fertile ground for future research, especially for those interested in privilege and social hierarchy in the Soviet Union, or in the connection between sport and socialist ideology.

This in-depth look at the development and importance of biathlon for Soviet politics, ideology, and culture can be recommended to everybody who is interested in sports history, as well as in the history of the Soviet Union.

William D. Frank's book on Soviet biathlon adds to our knowledge of Soviet sports in several ways.Frank (a former biathlete himself) manages to convey not only enthusiasm for the sport, but also sheds light on crucial changes in the sport's rules which turned the balance in one nation's favour or crushed another's aspirations. This makes for lively and interesting reading with great attention to detail.

In Everyone to Skis! Frank weaves through the history of skiing and biathlon in Russia, engaging with the wider political and historiographical context as he does so. Frank's book is a welcome addition to the still relatively small number of works on the history of Soviet sport.

Frank highlights the importance of skiing in the Russian Civil War and the Second World War, as well as the 1974 World Biathlon Championships in Minsk, when this event took place on Soviet soil for the first time... Frank's excellent history of skiing also makes the Soviet Union's efforts in 1945 to ban skiing in occupied Germany far more understandable.

E. John B. Allen, author of The Culture and Sport of Skiing:

You will never think about, watch (perhaps even participate in) biathlon in the same way after reading Frank's interesting, well-written and organized, detailed and thoroughly researched book.

Louise McReynolds, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill:

William Frank ingeniously uses the evolution of the biathlon, Europeans' favorite sport in the Winter Olympics since its introduction in 1960 in Squaw Valley, to trace parallel changes in politics in the USSR. Engaging prose, flavored by the author's personal participation in biathlon, moves the narrative from skiing in the tsarist era to the Soviet dominance in the medal count. At once a solid history of both Soviet state and sport, this monograph offers much to fans like myself who are eagerly anticipating the Winter Games in Sochi.

Heather L. Dichter, Ithaca College:

Frank highlights the importance of skiing in the Russian Civil War and the Second World War, as well as the 1974 World Biathlon Championships in Minsk, when this event took place on Soviet soil for the first timeFrank's excellent history of skiing also makes the Soviet Union's efforts in 1945 to ban skiing in occupied Germany far more understandable.