19. The Main Examinations

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Foreword vii
3. Acknowledgments viii
4. Contents ix
5. List of Figures xi
6. List of Tables xii
7. Introduction 1
8. Part I. The Decision to Examine
9. 1. Trial of the Chinese System 9
10. 2. Kanda's "Chinese" Plan, 1869 20
11. 3. The Search for Judicial Autonomy 33
12. 4. Itō and Stein, 1882 43
13. 5. The First "German" Plans, 1884 51
14. 6. Itō and Kaneko, 1885-86 64
15. 7. Tani and the 1887 Ordinances 73
16. 8. A Third Judicial Examination System, 1890 80
17. 9. Collapse and Revival, 1892-93 88
18. 10. Hara and the New Examinations, 1893 100
19. 11. Yamagata and the Capstone, 1899 111
20. Part II. Changes in the 20th Century
21. 12. Privilege and Protest 123
22. 13. A Decade of Indecisive Skirmishes 136
23. 14. The Myth of Unification 151
24. 15. The Myth of Diversification 163
25. Part III. The Examinations and the Examiners
26. 16. Structure of the Examination System 181
27. 17. The Preparatory Examinations 190
28. 18. The Preliminary Examinations 196
29. 19. The Main Examinations 206
30. 20. Training and the Post-Training Examinations 220
31. 21. The Higher Examiners 233
32. 22. The Mathematics of the Dragon Gate 258
33. 23. Strategy at the Dragon Gate 273
34. 24. Fraud and Favoritism 293
35. 25. The Significance of Examinations 306
36. Appendices
37. A. Glossary 327
38. B. Genealogy of the Private Law Schools 330
39. C. Internal Evidence for Dating the Rejected Plan of 1884 331
40. D. Identification and Dating of the "Lost" Plans of 1886 334
41. E. Questions in the Main Written Examinations 337
42. F. An Example of the Administrative Oral (1920) 342
43. G. Candidates Passing Higher Examinations or Bar Examinations 346
44. H. Timing of the Higher Examinations 349
45. I. Examination Fees and Costs 350
46. J. Structure of the Higher Examinations, 1884-1945 354
47. K. The Parties and "Free Appointment" 366
48. Bibliography 369
49. Index 393