Chapter 2. Rumors, Ropes, and Redemptions: Hmong Writing Systems in China and Laos

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents ix
3. Acknowledgment xi
4. Notes on Language, Orthography, and Transcription xiii
5. Introduction 1
6. Chapter 1. Lost Books and Broken Promises: The Hmong People in China and Laos 21
7. Chapter 2. Rumors, Ropes, and Redemptions: Hmong Writing Systems in China and Laos 37
8. Chapter 3. Never to Hold a Pencil: The Problem with “Preliteracy” 58
9. Chapter 4. Other Gods and Countries: Hmong Literacy Development in Laos 79
10. Chapter 5. Writing Hmong Americans: Reading and Writing in the United States 124
11. Chapter 6. Hmong Americans Rewriting: Testimony, Gender, and Civic Life 152
12. Conclusion 190
13. Appendixes 203
14. Notes 217
15. References 225
16. Index 237
17. About the Author 242