Expanded Cinema
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Gene Youngblood
About this book
Fiftieth anniversary reissue of the founding media studies book that helped establish media art as a cultural category.
First published in 1970, Gene Youngblood’s influential Expanded Cinema was the first serious treatment of video, computers, and holography as cinematic technologies. Long considered the bible for media artists, Youngblood’s insider account of 1960s counterculture and the birth of cybernetics remains a mainstay reference in today’s hypermediated digital world. This fiftieth anniversary edition includes a new Introduction by the author that offers conceptual tools for understanding the sociocultural and sociopolitical realities of our present world.
A unique eyewitness account of burgeoning experimental film and the birth of video art in the late 1960s, this far- ranging study traces the evolution of cinematic language to the end of fiction, drama, and realism. Vast in scope, its prescient formulations include “the paleocybernetic age,” “intermedia,” the “artist as design scientist,” the “artist as ecologist,” “synaesthetics and kinesthetics,” and “the technosphere: man/machine symbiosis.” Outstanding works are analyzed in detail. Methods of production are meticulously described, including interviews with artists and technologists of the period, such as Nam June Paik, Jordan Belson, Andy Warhol, Stan Brakhage, Carolee Schneemann, Stan VanDerBeek, Les Levine, and Frank Gillette. An inspiring Introduction by the celebrated polymath and designer R. Buckminster Fuller—a perfectly cut gem of countercultural thinking in itself—places Youngblood’s radical observations in comprehensive perspective.
Providing an unparalleled historical documentation, Expanded Cinema clarifies a chapter of countercultural history that is still not fully represented in the arthistorical record half a century later. The book will also inspire the current generation of artists working in ever-newer expansions of the cinematic environment and will prove invaluable to all who are concerned with the technologies that are reshaping the nature of human communication.
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Topics
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Frontmatter
i -
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Contents
vii -
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Illustrations
ix -
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Introduction to the fiftieth anniversary edition
xiii -
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Introduction by R. Buckminster fuller
15 -
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Inexorable evolution and human ecology
37 -
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Preface
41 - Part one: The audience and the myth of entertainment
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Radical evolution and future shock in the paleocybernetic age
50 -
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The lntermedia network as nature
54 -
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Popular culture and the noosphere
57 -
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Art, entertainment, entropy
59 -
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Retrospective man and the human condition
66 -
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The artist as design scientist
70 - Part two: Synaesthetic cinema: the end of drama
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Global closed circuit: the earth as software
78 -
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Synaesthetic synthesis: simultaneous perception of harmonic opposites
81 -
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Syncretism and metamorphosis: montage as collage
84 -
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Evocation and exposition: toward oceanic consciousness
92 -
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Synaesthetics and kinaesthetics: the way of all experience
97 -
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Mythopoeia: the end of fiction
106 -
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Synaesthetics and synergy
109 -
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Synaesthetic cinema and polymorphous eroticism
112 -
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Synaesthetic cinema and extra-objective reality
122 -
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Image-exchange and the post-mass audience age
128 - Part three: Toward cosmic consciousness
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2001: the new nostalgia
139 -
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The stargate corridor
151 -
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The cosmic cinema of Jordan Belson
157 - Part four: Cybernetic cinema and computer films
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The technosphere: man/machine symbiosis
180 -
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The human bio-computer and his electronic brainchild
183 -
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Hardware and software
185 -
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The aesthetic machine
189 -
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Cybernetic cinema
194 -
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Computer films
207 - Part five: Television as a creative medium
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The videosphere
260 -
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Cathode-ray tube videotronics
265 -
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Synaesthetic videotapes
281 -
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Videographic cinema
317 -
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Closed-circuit television and teledynamic environments
337 - Part six: Intermedia
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The artist as ecologist
346 -
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World expositions and nonordinary reality
352 -
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Cerebrum: lntermedia and the human sensorium
359 -
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Intermedia theatre
365 -
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Multiple-projection environments
387 - Part seven: Holographic cinema: a new world
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Wave-front reconstruction: Lensless photography
400 -
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Dr. Alex Jacobson: holography in motion
404 -
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Limitations of holographic cinema
407 -
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Projecting holographic movies
411 -
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The kinoform: computer-generated holographic movies
414 -
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Technoanarchy: the open empire
415 -
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Selected bibliography
421 -
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Index
427