Contents

Chapters in this book

1. Between Threats and War i
2. Contents v
3. Acknowledgments vii
4. Acronyms Used in This Book xi
5. 1. Introduction 1
6. 2. Political Uses of Force and the Civilian-Military Split 17
7. 3. Iraqi No-Fly Zones: 1991–2003 29
8. 4. Sudan and Afghanistan: August 20, 1998 52
9. 5. Yemen: November 3, 2002 73
10. 6. Khurmal, Iraq: Summer 2002 91
11. 7. Conclusion and Policy Recommendations 114
12. Appendix I. Coding Cases and Descriptions: U.S. Discrete Military Operations, 1991 to June 1, 2009 127
13. Appendix II. Non-Uses of U.S. Discrete Military Operations, 1991 to June 1, 2009 155
14. Notes 159
15. Index 221