To a degree uncommon in among Chinese cities, Republican Shanghai had no center. Its territory was divided among three (sometimes more) municipal governments integrated into various national states and empires. No government building or religious institution gave Shanghai a “center." Yet amidst deep cleavages, the city functioned as a coherent whole. What held Shanghai together? The authors' answer is that a group of middlemen with myriad connections across political and social boundaries created networks that held Republican Shanghai together. Contributors Include: Sei Jeong Chin, Parks Coble, Bryna Goodman, Brian Martin, Elizabeth J. Perry, Kuiyi Shen, Jeffrey Wasserstrom, and Wen-hsin Yeh Jean C. Oi is William Haas Professor of Chinese Politics and was Director of the Center for East Asian Studies at Stanford. Her publications include Rural China Takes Off: Institutional Foundations of Economic Reform (1999). She is also co-editor, with Andrew Walder, of Property Rights and Economic Reform in China (Stanford, 1999). Nara Dillon is Assistant Professor of Political Studies at Bard College.