Stanford University Press
Conceptual Foundations for Multidisciplinary Thinking
About this book
Our current intellectual system provides us with a far more complete and accurate understanding of nature and ourselves than was available in any previous society. This gain in understanding has arisen from two sources: the use of the 'scientific method', and the breaking up of our intellectual enterprise into increasingly narrower disciplines and research programs. However, we have failed to keep these narrow specialities connected to the intellectual enterprise as a whole. The author demonstrates that this causes a number of difficulties. We have no viewpoint from which we can understand the relationships between the disciplines and lack a forum for adjudicating situations where different disciplines give conflicting answers to the same problem. We seriously underestimate the differences in methodology and in the nature of principles in the various branches of science. This provocative and wide-ranging book provides a detailed analysis and possible solutions for dealing with this problem.
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Topics
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Frontmatter
i -
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Acknowledgments
vii -
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Contents
xi -
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Preface
xiii -
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1. Introduction
1 - PART 1. THE SYSTEM CONCEPT
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2. Systems, Domains, and Truth Assertions
13 -
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3. Sysreps and the Human Mind
30 - PART 2. COMPLEXITY
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4. An Index for Complexity
47 -
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5. Thinking About Complex Systems
69 -
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6. Feedback as a Source of Complexity
80 - PART 3. STRUCTURE
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7. Hierarchy as a Structural Feature: The Hierarchy of Constitution
99 -
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8. Interfaces of Mutual Constraint and Levels of Control: Polanyi’s Principle
110 -
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9. The Theory of Dimensions
122 -
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10. Integrated Control Information
129 -
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11. Disciplines at One Level
137 -
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12. Consistency as a Primary Criterion
143 -
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13. Operational Procedures in Forming Sysreps for Complex Systems
156 -
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14. Examples of Multidisciplinary Analysis
171 -
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15. The Evolution of Disciplines, 1500–1900
194 -
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16. Relations Among the Disciplines in the Twentieth Century
213 - PART 4. FALLACIES OF PROJECTION
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17. Fallacies of Projection
233 -
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18. Fallacies of Projection
244 - PART 5. CONCLUSIONS
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19. What Have We Learned?
261 -
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20. What Have We Learned?
276 -
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APPENDIX A. Implications for Education
295 -
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Appendix B. Two Standing Bets
301 -
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Appendix C. Hypotheses, Guidelines, Dicta, and Queries
311 -
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APPENDIX D. Glossary
315 -
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References
319 -
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Index
331