Appendix 3

Chapters in this book

1. Front Matter i
2. Contents vii
3. Tables and Figures ix
4. Acknowledgments xi
5. Foreword xiii
6. Preface xvii
7. Introduction 3
8. The Nature of Heat and the Management of Its Temperature 9
9. How Furnaces Work 13
10. The Properties and Combustion of Biomass 25
11. Furnace Configurations for Biomass Fuel 38
12. Products Made in Antiquity in Biomass Fuelled Furnaces 46
13. The Manufacture and Properties of Charcoal 55
14. Combustion in Beds of Lump Charcoal 63
15. Combustion Air Supply for Charcoal 74
16. Furnace Configurations for Charcoal Fuel 84
17. The Reduction of Metals and the Functions of Slags 101
18. The Smelting of Copper 113
19. The Smelting, Forging, and Properties of Iron 122
20. Fuel Consumption by Pyrotechnology in Antiquity 145
21. Fuel Supply and Deforestation 153
22. Artifacts from the Operation of Furnaces 160
23. Appendix 1 167
24. Appendix 2 175
25. Appendix 3 180
26. Appendix 4 189
27. Glossary 195
28. References 199
29. Index 207