Mcgill-queen's University Press
A History and Ethnography of the Beothuk
About this book
The story of the Beothuk is a tragic one. The Indigenous inhabitants of Newfoundland were hunters, gatherers, and fishers who moved seasonally between the coast and the interior. With the influx of European settlements and fisheries in the 1700s the Beothuk found their territory increasingly reduced, and conflict between the two groups escalated. The Beothuk population steadily declined and by the early 1800s the Beothuk had ceased to exist as a viable cultural group. Shanawdithit, the last known Beothuk, died in 1829.
The Beothuk came to be viewed as a people whose origins, history, and fate were shrouded in mystery. On a quest to sort fact from fiction, Ingeborg Marshall, the leading expert on the Beothuk, has produced an elegant, comprehensive, and scholarly review of the history and culture of the Beothuk that incorporates an unmatched amount of archival material with archaeological data. The book is beautifully and extensively illustrated with maps; portraits; photographs of Beothuk artifacts, burial sites, and camps; and a set of drawings by Shanawdithit.
A History and Ethnography of the Beothuk is a compelling story and an indispensable reference tool for anyone interested in the Beothuk or Indigenous Peoples of North America.
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Topics
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Front Matter
i -
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Contents
v -
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Tables, Maps, Graphs, and Sketches
xi -
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Plates
xiv -
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Acknowledgments
xvii -
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Introduction
3 - History
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The Sixteenth Century: First Contact
13 -
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The Seventeenth Century: Colonization, Trade, and Encroachment
25 -
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Relations between Beothuk and Their Native Neighbours
42 -
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Competition for Resources on the Coast
61 -
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Hostilities over Hunting and Trapping
69 -
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Lieut. John Cartwright Explores Beothuk Country
84 -
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Intensified Conflict between Beothuk and Settlers
95 -
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Plans to Conciliate the Beothuk
113 -
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The Capture of Beothuk to Make Peace
122 -
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Lieutenant Buchan’s Efforts Efforts to Make Contact
137 -
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Micmac and Montagnais versus Beothuk: The Final Phase
154 -
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The Captive Demasduit
160 -
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1822-27: The Boeothick Institution
181 -
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Shanawdithit
201 -
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Epilogue
224 -
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Appendix One
235 -
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Biographies of Major Informants
238 - Ethnography
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Introduction
249 -
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Position of Beothuk in Newfoundland Prehistory
254 -
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Distribution and Size of the Beothuk Population
272 -
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Aspects of Social Organization
285 -
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Food Consumption and Subsistence Economies
294 -
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Tools and Utensils, Hunting and Fishing Techniques
311 -
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Appearance and Clothing
336 -
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Mamateeks and Other Structures
350 -
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Birchbark Canoes and Other Means of Transportation
364 -
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Beothuk World View and Belief-Related Practices
377 -
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Burial Places and Mortuary Practices
398 -
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Fighting Methods and Peace Tokens
421 -
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The Beothuk Language
428 -
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Concluding Discussion
438 -
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Beothuk Namefile
447 -
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Beothuk Artifact Collections
451 -
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Institutions Contacted in Search of Beothuk Artifacts and Documentary Source Material
453 -
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Notes
457 -
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Bibliography
581 -
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Index
621