Princeton University Press
Earthquakes in Human History
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Jelle Zeilinga de Boer
and Donald Theodore Sanders
About this book
On November 1, 1755--All Saints' Day--a massive earthquake struck Europe's Iberian Peninsula and destroyed the city of Lisbon. Churches collapsed upon thousands of worshippers celebrating the holy day. Earthquakes in Human History tells the story of that calamity and other epic earthquakes. The authors, Jelle Zeilinga de Boer and Donald Theodore Sanders, recapture the power of their previous book, Volcanoes in Human History. They vividly explain the geological processes responsible for earthquakes, and they describe how these events have had long-lasting aftereffects on human societies and cultures. Their accounts are enlivened with quotations from contemporary literature and from later reports.
In the chaos following the Lisbon quake, government and church leaders vied for control. The Marquês de Pombal rose to power and became a virtual dictator. As a result, the Roman Catholic Jesuit Order lost much of its influence in Portugal. Voltaire wrote his satirical work Candide to refute the philosophy of "optimism," the belief that God had created a perfect world. And the 1755 earthquake sparked the search for a scientific understanding of natural disasters.
Ranging from an examination of temblors mentioned in the Bible, to a richly detailed account of the 1906 catastrophe in San Francisco, to Japan's Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923, to the Peruvian earthquake in 1970 (the Western Hemisphere's greatest natural disaster), this book is an unequaled testament to a natural phenomenon that can be not only terrifying but also threatening to humankind's fragile existence, always at risk because of destructive powers beyond our control.
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Frontmatter
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Contents
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Preface
ix -
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Acknowledgments
xv -
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Table of Conversions
xvii -
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1 Earthquakes: Origins and Consequences
1 -
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2 In the Holy Land: Earthquakes and the Hand of God
22 -
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3 The Decline of Ancient Sparta: A Tale of Hoplites, Helots, and a Quaking Earth
45 -
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4 Earthquakes in England: Echoes in Religion and Literature
65 -
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5 The Great Lisbon Earthquake and the Axiom “Whatever Is, Is Right”
88 -
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6 New Madrid, Missouri, in 1811: The Once and Future Disaster
108 -
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7 Earthquake, Fire, and Politics in San Francisco
139 -
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8 Japan’s Great Kanto Earthquake: “Hell Let Loose on Earth”
170 -
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9 Peru in 1970: Chaos in the Andes
194 -
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10 The 1972 Managua Earthquake: Catalyst for Revolution
221 -
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Afterword
243 -
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Glossary
245 -
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Notes and References
253 -
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Index
269