12.3 Neutrino Trapping

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents vii
3. List of Figures xi
4. List of Tables xv
5. Preface xvii
6. 1 Introduction 1
7. 2 Abundances of Nuclei
8. Introduction 4
9. 2.1 What Are Abundances? 7
10. 2.2 Solar System Abundances 10
11. 2.3 Stellar Atmospheres 17
12. 2.4 Meteorites 31
13. 2.5 Cosmic Rays 39
14. 2.6 Other Aspects 44
15. 3 Some Aspects of Nuclear Physics
16. Introduction 48
17. 3.1 Nuclear Masses 49
18. 3.2 Nuclear Stability 57
19. 3.3 Coulomb Barrier 62
20. 3.4 Resonances 69
21. 3.5 Reverse Rates 73
22. 3.6 Heavy-Ion Reactions 75
23. 3.7 Weak Interactions in Nuclei 84
24. 3.8 Sources of Rates 90
25. 4 Nuclear Reaction Networks
26. Introduction 92
27. 4.1 Network Equations 93
28. 4.2 Solutions: Steady State 96
29. 4.3 Solutions: Equilibria 99
30. 4.4 Solutions: General Method 102
31. 4.5 Energy Generation 108
32. 4.6 Mixing and Hydrodynamics 113
33. 4.7 Freezeout 116
34. 5 Cosmological Nucleosynthesis
35. Introduction 118
36. 5.1 Kinematics 119
37. 5.2 Radiation and Particles 128
38. 5.3 Weak Interaction Freezeout 134
39. 5.4 Cosmological Nucleosynthesis 138
40. 5.5 Further Implications 143
41. 6 Some Properties of Stars
42. Introduction 146
43. 6.1 Stellar Evolution Equations 147
44. 6.2 Standard Model 153
45. 6.3 Nuclear Energy 161
46. 6.4 Neutrino Processes 165
47. 6.5 Stellar Energy 169
48. 6.6 Ignition Masses 174
49. 6.7 Final States 178
50. 7 Hydrogen-Burning Stars
51. Introduction 182
52. 7.1 Birth of Stars 183
53. 7.2 Burning Processes 185
54. 7.3 Main Sequence 190
55. 7.4 Convective Cores 196
56. 7.5 Shell Burning 202
57. 7.6 Nucleosynthesis 211
58. 8 Helium-Burning Stars
59. Introduction 222
60. 8.1 Thermonuclear Features 223
61. 8.2 Ignition 229
62. 8.3 Core Nucleosynthesis 233
63. 8.4 Shell Nucleosynthesis 239
64. 8.5 M-M_a Relation 241
65. 8.6 Implications 247
66. 9 Explosive Nucleosynthesis
67. Introduction 249
68. 9.1 Parameters 250
69. 9.2 Carbon and Neon 253
70. 9.3 Oxygen 260
71. 9.4 Silicon and e-Process 267
72. 9.5 Neutron Excess and Galactic Evolution 275
73. 9.6 Yield Puzzle 277
74. 10 Neutrino-Cooled Stars
75. Introduction 284
76. 10.1 Neutrinos and Convection 285
77. 10.2 Core Evolution 292
78. 10.3 Stellar Structure 298
79. 10.4 Shell Nucleosynthesis 311
80. 11 Thermonuclear Explosions
81. Introduction 324
82. 11.1 Thermonuclear Flames 325
83. 11.2 Degenerate Instability 333
84. 11.3 Convection and Urea 342
85. 11.4 Yields from Degenerate Instability 355
86. 11.5 He Detonation 364
87. 11.6 Pair Instability 372
88. 11.7 Oxygen Burning and Beyond 375
89. 12 Gravitational Collapse
90. Introduction 381
91. 12.1 Historical Overview 382
92. 12.2 Neutronization and Dissociation 385
93. 12.3 Neutrino Trapping 389
94. 12.4 Collapse 392
95. 12.5 Bounce 395
96. 12.6 Ejection of Matter 407
97. 13 Supernovae
98. Introduction 414
99. 13.1 An Overview 415
100. 13.2 Shock Emergence 417
101. 13.3 Expansion and Radiative Diffusion 421
102. 13.4 Radioactive Heating 424
103. 13.5 Recombination 429
104. 13.6 SN1987A 436
105. 13.7 Type II Supernovae and SN1993J 444
106. 13.8 Type I Supernovae 451
107. 14 Galactic Evolution
108. Introduction 459
109. 14.1 Galactic Evolution Equations 460
110. 14.2 Initial Mass Functions 467
111. 14.3 One-Zone Models 484
112. 14.4 Absolute Yields 491
113. 14.5 The Galactic Disk 497
114. 14.6 Primordial Stellar Yields 501
115. 14.7 Critical Uncertainties 512
116. Appendixes
117. A. Solar System Abundances 519
118. B. Equations of State 532
119. C. Stellar Structure 548
120. D. Supernova Light Curves 558
121. References 573
122. Index 595
123. About the Author 599