INTRODUCTION

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter I
2. CONTENTS VII
3. ILLUSTRATIONS IX
4. TABLES XI
5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XIII
6. ABBREVIATIONS XVII
7. INTRODUCTION 1
8. PART I: BEFORE THE MACHINE
9. CHAPTER 1. A FINE PLACE FOR PAPER MAKING: BERKSHIRE COUNTY, 1799-1801 15
10. CHAPTER 2. ZENAS CRANE'S BAGGAGE: THE PAPER-MAKING TRADITION, 1801-1820 38
11. CHAPTER 3. A DECADE OF PREPARATION: THE 1820s 59
12. PART II: THE MACHINE
13. CHAPTER 4. MECHANICAL PAPER MAKERS: THE EVOLUTION OF PAPER MACHINERY, 1799-1885 93
14. CHAPTER 5. THE COMMUNITY OF MECHANIZERS: BERKSHIRE PAPER MILL OWNERS, 1827-1857 117
15. CHAPTER 6. LOCAL CONDITIONS AND MECHANIZATION: MACHINES IN THE BERKSHIRES, 1827-1885 158
16. PART III. AFTER THE MACHINE
17. CHAPTER 7. THE MILL TOWNS TRANSFORMED: TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AFTER MECHANIZATION, 1857-1885 189
18. CHAPTER 8. MEN OF SUBSTANCE , ORDER, AND POWER: OWNERS OF MECHANIZED PAPER MILLS , 1858-1885 234
19. CHAPTER 9. MACHINES AND THE WORKING CLASSES: MALE PAPER MILL EMPLOYEES, 1827-1885 280
20. CHAPTER 10. "MERE COGS TO THE WHEELS": FEMALE PAPER WORKERS AND THE "SEP ARA TE SPHERE," 1827-1885 335
21. EPILOGUE AND CONCLUSION 375
22. APPENDIX A. CHRONOLOGY OF BERKSHIRE COUNTY PAPER MILLS AND MILL OWNERSHIP, 1801-1885 383
23. APPENDIX B. MILL OWNERS, SUCCESS, AND FAILURE: FURTHER DATA 401
24. APPENDIX C. MILLS, MACHINES, OUTPUT, AND CAP IT AL: LOCAL DATA 407
25. BIBLIOGRAPHY 413
26. INDEX 427