CHAPTER 2: Blacks in the Urban North: The "Underclass Question" in Historical Perspective

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents v
3. Preface vii
4. INTRODUCTION: The Urban "Underclass" as a Metaphor of Social Transformation 1
5. PART ONE: The Roots of Ghetto Poverty
6. CHAPTER 1: Southern Diaspora: Origins of the Northern "Underclass" 27
7. CHAPTER 2: Blacks in the Urban North: The "Underclass Question" in Historical Perspective 55
8. PART TWO: The Transformation of America's Cities
9. CHAPTER 3: The Structures of Urban Poverty: The Reorganization of Space and Work in Three Periods of American History 85
10. CHAPTER 4: Housing the "Underclass" 118
11. PART THREE: Families, Networks, and Opportunities
12. CHAPTER 5: The Ethnic Niche and the Structure of Opportunity: Immigrants and Minorities in New York City 161
13. CHAPTER 6: The Emergence of "Underclass" Family Patterns, 1900-1940 194
14. CHAPTER 7: Poverty and Family Composition since 1940 220
15. CHAPTER 8: Social Science, Social Policy, and the Heritage of African-American Families 254
16. PART FOUR: Politics, Institutions, and the State
17. CHAPTER 9: The Black Poor and the Politics of Opposition in a New South City, 1929-1970 293
18. CHAPTER 10: Nineteenth-Century Institutions: Dealing with the Urban "Underclass" 334
19. CHAPTER 11: Urban Education and the "Truly Disadvantaged": The Historical Roots of the Contemporary Crisis, 1945-1990 366
20. CHAPTER 12: The State, the Movement, and the Urban Poor: The War on Poverty and Political Mobilization in the 19605 403
21. CONCLUSION: Reframing the "Underclass" Debate 440
22. Contributors 479
23. Name Index 483
24. Subject Index 499