This book addresses the need to better understand the regional patterns and process of mortality changes. Researchers from Japan and 5 ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Singapore) studied regional mortality differentials mostly through areal-level analysis, with the exception of Singapore, examined on a time-series analysis due to its smaller size. This study looks at the relationship between community-level access to medical personnel and facilities. It provides interesting material for comparisons which could shed light on social transformation and mortality decline within the Asian context as compared to the historical experience of Western developed countries.