Japanese Mora-Timing: A Review

References

1 Aoyama, K.: Acquiring mora-timing: the case of the Japanese coda nasal; in Jpn./Korean Ling. 9 (in press).Search in Google Scholar

2 Arai, T.: A case study of spontaneous speech in Japanese. Presented at the Int. Congr. Phonet. Sci., San Francisco 1999.Search in Google Scholar

3 Arai, T.; Greenberg, S.: The temporal properties of Japanese are similar to those of English. Proc. 5th Eur. Conf. Speech Commun. Rhodes 1997, vol. 2, pp. 1011–1014.10.21437/Eurospeech.1997-355Search in Google Scholar

4 Beckman, M.: Segment duration and the ‘mora’ in Japanese. Phonetica 39: 113–135 (1982).10.1159/000261655Search in Google Scholar

5 Beckman, M.: Evidence for speech rhythms across languages; in Tohkura, Vatikiotis-Bateson, Sagisaka, Speech perception, production, and linguistic structure, pp. 458–463 (Ohmsha, Tokyo 1992).Search in Google Scholar

6 Bloch, B.: Studies in colloquial Japanese IV: phonemics. Language 26: 86–125 (1950).10.2307/410409Search in Google Scholar

7 Bradlow, A.; Port, R.F.; Tajima, K.: The combined effects of prosodic variation on Japanese mora timing. Proc. Int. Congr. Phonet. Sci., Stockholm 1995, vol. 4, pp. 344–347.Search in Google Scholar

8 Campbell, N.: A study of Japanese speech timing from the syllable perspective. J. Phonet. Soc. Japan 3: 29–39 (1999).Search in Google Scholar

9 Campbell, N.; Sagisaka, Y.: Moraic and syllable-level effects on speech timing. (Onsei taimingu ni mirareru moora to onsetsu no eikyou ni tsuite). Trans. Committee Speech Res., Acoust. Soc. Japan SP90–107: 35–40 (1991).Search in Google Scholar

10 Cummins, F.; Port, R.: Rhythmic constraints on stress timing in English. J. Phonet. 26: 145–171 (1998).10.1006/jpho.1998.0070Search in Google Scholar

11 Cutler, A.: Linguistic rhythm and speech segmentation; in Sundberg, Nord, Carlson, Music, language, speech and brain: Proceedings of an international symposium at the Wenner-Gren Center, Stockholm, 5–8 September, 1990, pp. 157–166 (MacMillan Press, Houndmills, Basingstoke 1991).10.1007/978-1-349-12670-5_14Search in Google Scholar

12 Cutler, A.; Norris, D.; McQueen, J.: Lexical access in continuous speech: Language-specific realisations of a universal model; in Otake, Cutler, Phonological structure and language processing, pp. 227–242 (Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin 1996).10.1515/9783110815825.227Search in Google Scholar

13 Cutler, A.; Otake, T.: Mora or phoneme? Further evidence for language-specific listening. J. Mem. Lang. 33: 824–844 (1994).10.1006/jmla.1994.1039Search in Google Scholar

14 Cutler, A.; Otake, T.: Rhythmic categories in spoken-word recognition: Evidence from Japanese (submitted to J. Mem. Lang., 1999).Search in Google Scholar

15 Dauer, R.M.: Stress-timing and syllable-timing reanalyzed. J. Phonet. 11: 51–62 (1983).10.1016/S0095-4470(19)30776-4Search in Google Scholar

16 Dauer, R.M.: Phonetic and phonological components of language rhythm. Proc. 11th Int. Congr. Phonet. Sci., Tallinn 1987, vol. 5, pp. 447–450.Search in Google Scholar

17 Fujimura, O.: Phonology and phonetics – A syllable-based model of articulatory organization. J. acoust. Soc. Japan (E) 13: 39–48 (1992).10.1250/ast.13.39Search in Google Scholar

18 Fujimura, O.: Hatsuwa no kijutsu riron: C/D moderu (Descriptive theory of utterances: C/D model). J. acoust. Soc. Japan 55: 762–768 (1999).Search in Google Scholar

19 Han, M.S.: Unvoicing of vowels in Japanese. Onsei no Kenkyuu 10: 81–100 (1962a).Search in Google Scholar

20 Han, M.S.: The feature of duration in Japanese. Onsei no Kenkyuu 10: 65–80 (1962b).Search in Google Scholar

21 Han, M.S.: The timing control of geminate and single stop consonants in Japanese: A challenge for nonnative speakers. Phonetica 49: 102–127 (1992).10.1159/000261906Search in Google Scholar

22 Han, M.S.: Acoustic manifestations of mora timing in Japanese. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 96: 73–82 (1994).10.1121/1.410376Search in Google Scholar

23 Haraguchi, S.: The tone pattern of Japanese (Kaitakusha, Tokyo 1977).Search in Google Scholar

24 Haraguchi, S.: Syllable, mora, and accent; in Otake, Cutler, Phonological structure and language processing, pp. 45–75 (Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin 1996).10.1515/9783110815825.45Search in Google Scholar

25 Hattori, S.: Prosodeme, syllable structure, and laryngeal phonemes; in Shibata, Kitamura, Kindaichi, Nihon no gengogaku (Linguistics of Japan), pp. 186–218 (Taishukan, Tokyo 1980) (originally published in 1961).Search in Google Scholar

26 Hiki, S.: Effects of the context on the duration of phonemic segment. J. acoust. Soc. Japan 23: 917–918 (1967).Search in Google Scholar

27 Hoequist, C., Jr.: Durational correlates of linguistic rhythm categories. Phonetica 40: 19–31 (1983a).10.1159/000261679Search in Google Scholar

28 Hoequist, C., Jr.: Syllable duration in stress-, syllable-, and mora-timed languages. Phonetica 40: 203–237 (1983b).10.1159/000261692Search in Google Scholar

29 Homma, Y.: Durational relationship between Japanese stops and vowels. J. Phonet. 9: 273–281 (1981).10.1016/S0095-4470(19)30971-4Search in Google Scholar

30 Ito, J.; Mester, R.A.: Japanese phonology; in Goldsmith, A handbook of phonological theory, pp. 817–838 (Blackwell, Cambridge 1995).Search in Google Scholar

31 Jinbo, K.: Kokugo no onseijou no tokushitsu (The top phonetic characteristics of Japanese); in Shibata, Kitamura, Kindaichi, Nihon no gengogaku (Linguistics of Japan), pp. 5–15 (Taishukan, Tokyo 1980) (originally published 1927).Search in Google Scholar

32 Kaiki, N.; Sagisaka, Y.: The control of segmental duration in speech synthesis using statistical methods; in Tohkura, Vatikiotis-Bateson, Sagisaka, Speech perception, production, and linguistic structure, pp. 391–402 (Ohmsha, Tokyo 1992).Search in Google Scholar

33 Kaiki, N.; Sagisaka, Y.: Prosodic characteristics of Japanese conversational speech. IEICE Trans. Fundamentals E76-A: 1927–1933 (1993).Search in Google Scholar

34 Kaiki, N.; Takeda, K.; Sagisaka, Y.: Gengojouhou o riyou shita boin keizokujikanchou no seigyo (Vowel duration control using linguistic information). IEICE Trans. J75-A: 467–473 (1992a).Search in Google Scholar

35 Kaiki, N.; Takeda, K.; Sagisaka, Y.: Linguistic properties in the control of segmental duration for speech synthesis; in Bailly, Benoit, Sawallis, Talking machines: Theories, models, and designs, pp. 255–263 (Elsevier Science, 1992b).Search in Google Scholar

36 Kakehi, K.; Kato, K.; Kashino, M.: Phoneme/syllable perception and the temporal structure of speech; in Otake, Cutler, Phonological structure and language processing, pp. 125–143 (Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin 1996).10.1515/9783110815825.125Search in Google Scholar

37 Kato, H.: Perceptual characteristics of temporal structures in speech: Towards objective assessment of synthesis rules; doct. diss. Kobe University (unpubl., 1999).Search in Google Scholar

38 Kato, H.; Tsuzaki, M.; Sagisaka, Y.: Acceptability for temporal modification of consecutive segments in isolated words. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 101: 2311–2322 (1997).10.1121/1.418210Search in Google Scholar

39 Katoh, M.; Komura, M.; Hashimoto, S.: Boinbu enerugii juushinten ni samoku shita nihongo rizumu seigyo (Rhythm rules in Japanese based on the center of energy gravity of vowels). J. acoust. Soc. Japan 50: 888–896 (1994).Search in Google Scholar

40 Kitahara, M.: Hatsuwa sanshutsu to chikaku ni okeru rizumu no kenkyuu: Onsei kenkyuu to ninchi kagaku no intaafeesu no ittan to shite (Studies on rhyrhm in speech production and perception as an interface between phonetics and cognitive science). J. phonet. Soc. Japan 3: 41–47 (1999).Search in Google Scholar

41 Kondo, M.: Manifestation of lexical accent and timing strategy in English speakers’ Japanese. Proc. Int. Congr. Phonet. Sci., San Francisco 1999, pp. 1467–1470.Search in Google Scholar

42 Kubozono, H.: Speech segmentation and phonological structure; in Otake, Cutler, Phonological structure and language processing, pp. 77–94 (Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin 1996).10.1515/9783110815825.77Search in Google Scholar

43 Ladefoged, P.: A course in phonetics; 3rd ed. (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Fort Worth 1993).Search in Google Scholar

44 Lehiste, I.: Isochrony reconsidered. J. Phonet. 5: 253–263 (1977).10.1016/S0095-4470(19)31139-8Search in Google Scholar

45 Lehiste, I.: Phonetic manifestation of syntactic structure in English. Ann. Bull. Res. Inst. Logoped. Phoniatr. 14: 1–27 (1980).Search in Google Scholar

46 McCawley, J.D.: The phonological component of a grammar of Japanese (Mouton, The Hague 1968).Search in Google Scholar

47 Minagawa-Kawai, Y.: Preciseness of temporal compensation in Japanese mora timing. Proc. Int. Congr. Phonet. Sci., San Francisco 1999, pp. 365–368.Search in Google Scholar

48 Mochizuki-Sudo, M.; Kiritani, S.: Production and perception of stress-related durational patterns in Japanese learners of English. J. Phonet. 19: 231–248 (1991).10.1016/S0095-4470(19)30219-0Search in Google Scholar

49 Morais, J.; Kolinsky, R.; Nakamura, M.: The psychological reality of speech units in Japanese; in Otake, Cutler, Phonological structure and language processing, pp. 203–216 (Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin 1996).10.1515/9783110815825.203Search in Google Scholar

50 Nagano-Madsen, Y.: Mora and prosodic coordination: A phonetic study of Japanese, Eskimo and Yoruba (Lund University Press, Lund 1992).Search in Google Scholar

51 Ohala, J.J.: The temporal regulation of speech; in Fant, Tatham, Auditory analysis and perception of speech, pp. 431–453 (Academic Press, London 1975).10.1016/B978-0-12-248550-3.50032-5Search in Google Scholar

52 Otake, T.: A temporal compensation effect in Arabic and Japanese. Bull. phonet. Soc. Japan 189: 19–24 (1988).Search in Google Scholar

53 Otake, T.: A cross linguistic contrast in the temporal compensation effect. Bull. phonet. Soc. Japan 191: 14–19 (1989a).Search in Google Scholar

54 Otake, T.: Counter evidence for mora timing; in Proc. 16th Lacus Forum, Kingston, Ontario 1989b, pp. 313–322.Search in Google Scholar

55 Otake, T.: Gengo no rizumu to onsetsu kouzou (Rhythmic structure of Japanese and syllable structure). IEICE Tech, Rep. 89: 55–61 (1990).Search in Google Scholar

56 Otake, T.; Hatano, G.; Cutler, A.; Mehler, J.: Mora or syllable? Speech segmentation in Japanese. J. Mem. Lang. 32: 258–278 (1993).10.1006/jmla.1993.1014Search in Google Scholar

57 Otake, T.; Hatano, G.; Yoneyama, K.: Speech segmentation by Japanese listeners; in Otake, Cutler, Phonological structure and language processing, pp. 183–201 (Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin 1996).10.1515/9783110815825.183Search in Google Scholar

58 Otake, T.; Yoneyama, K.; Cutler, A.; Lugt, A. van der: The representation of Japanese moraic nasals. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 100: 3831–3842 (1996).10.1121/1.417239Search in Google Scholar

59 Pierrehumbert, J.; Beckman, M.: Japanese tone structure (MIT Press, Cambridge 1988).Search in Google Scholar

60 Port, R.F.; Al-Ani, S.; Maeda, S.: Temporal compensation and universal phonetics. Phonetica 37: 235–252 (1980).10.1159/000259994Search in Google Scholar

61 Port, R.F.; Dalby, J.; O’Dell, M.: Evidence for mora timing in Japanese. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 81: 1574–1585 (1987).10.1121/1.394510Search in Google Scholar

62 Poser, W.J.: The phonetics and phonology of tone and intonation in Japanese; doct. diss. MIT (unpubl., 1984).Search in Google Scholar

63 Poser, W.J.: Evidence for foot structure in Japanese. Language 66: 78–105 (1990).10.1353/lan.1990.0031Search in Google Scholar

64 Ramus, F.; Mehler, J.: Language identification with suprasegmental cues: A study based on speech resynthesis. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 105: 512–521 (1999).10.1121/1.424522Search in Google Scholar

65 Ramus, F.; Nespor, M.; Mehler, J.: Correlates of linguistic rhythm in the speech signal. Cognition 73: 265–292 (1999).10.1016/S0010-0277(99)00058-XSearch in Google Scholar

66 Sagisaka, Y.: Onsei taimingu seigyo ni mirareru nihongo tokuchou (Special characteristics of Japanese in the control of speech timing). Onsei gengo igakkai Symposium, Osaka 1991.Search in Google Scholar

67 Sagisaka, Y.: On the modeling of segmental duration control; in Tohkura, Vatikiotis-Bateson, Sagisaka, Speech perception, production, and linguistic structure, pp. 451–455 (Ohmsha, Tokyo 1992).Search in Google Scholar

68 Sagisaka, Y.: Nihongo onin no jikanchou seigyo to chikaku (Japanese sound duration control and perception). Gengo 28: 51–56 (1999a).Search in Google Scholar

69 Sagisaka, Y.: Koopasu beesu onsei gousei: Onsei kagaku chishiki ni motozuku gousei shisutemu kouchiku gijutsu no shin paradaimu (Corpus-based speech synthesis – A new paradigm for synthesis system building based on the knowledge in speech science). Proc. Meet. Acoust. Soc. Japan, September–October, 1999b, pp. 197–200.Search in Google Scholar

70 Sagisaka, Y.; Tohkura, Y.: Phoneme duration control for speech synthesis by rule. IEICE Trans. J67-A: 629–636 (1984).Search in Google Scholar

71 Sato, Y.: The durations of syllable-final nasals and the mora hypothesis in Japanese. Phonetica 50: 44–67 (1993).10.1159/000261925Search in Google Scholar

72 Sato, Y.: The mora timing in Japanese: A positive linear correlation between the syllable count and word duration. Bull. phonet. Soc. Japan 209: 40–53 (1995).Search in Google Scholar

73 Sato, Y.: The moraic status of syllable-final nasals in Japanese. Bull. phonet. Soc. Japan 212: 67–75 (1996).Search in Google Scholar

74 Sato, Y.: The phonetic reality of the mora in Japanese: A cross-linguistic study on timing in Japanese, English, and Korean; doct. diss. University of Hawaii, Manoa (unpubl., 1998).Search in Google Scholar

75 Smith, C.L.: Prosodic patterns in the coordination of vowel and consonant gestures; in Connell, Arvaniti, Phonology and phonetic evidence: Papers in laboratory phonology IV, pp. 205–222 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1995).10.1017/CBO9780511554315.015Search in Google Scholar

76 Sugito, M.: Haku ka onsetsu ka [Mora or syllable]; in Sugito, Nihongo no onsei on’in (Japanese phonetics and phonology), pp. 154–177 (Meiji Shoin, Tokyo 1989).Search in Google Scholar

77 Tajima, K.: Speech rhythm in English and Japanese; doct. diss. Indiana University, Bloomington (unpubl., 1998).Search in Google Scholar

78 Tajima, K.; Zawaydeh, B.A.; Kitahara, M.: A comparative study of speech rhythm in Arabic, English, and Japanese. Proc. Int. Congr. Phonet. Sci., San Francisco 1999, pp. 285–288.Search in Google Scholar

79 Trubetzkoy, N.S.: Grundzüge der Phonologie (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1958).Search in Google Scholar

80 Ueyama, M.: Phrase-final lengthening and stress-timed shortening in the speech of native speakers and Japanese learners of English. Proc. Int. Conf. Spoken Lang. Processing, Philadelphia 1996.10.1121/1.414315Search in Google Scholar

81 Ueyama, M.: Durational reduction in L2 English produced by Japanese speakers. Proc. Int. Congr. Phonet. Sci., San Francisco 1999, pp. 567–570.Search in Google Scholar

82 Vance, T.J.: An introduction to Japanese phonology (SUNY Press, Albany 1987).Search in Google Scholar

83 Vatikiotis-Bateson, E.; Kelso, J.A.S.: Rhythm type and articulatory dynamics in English, French and Japanese. J. Phonet. 21: 231–265 (1993).10.1016/S0095-4470(19)31338-5Search in Google Scholar

84 Warner, N.; Arai, T.: The role of the mora in word-level timing in spontaneous Japanese speech (submitted to J. acoust. Soc. Am., 2000).Search in Google Scholar