Normalising frequency counts to account for 'opportunity of use' in learner corpora

Chapters in this book

1. Prelim pages i
2. Contents v
3. Message from the President 1
4. Introduction 7
5. Part 1. The International Corpus of Crosslinguistic Interlanguage (ICCI)
6. The English profile: Using learner data to develop the CEFR for English 17
7. International Corpus of Crosslinguistic Interlanguage: Project overview and a case study on the acquisition of new verb co-occurrence patterns 27
8. Compilation and exploration of ICCI corpus for learner language research 47
9. The use of demonstrative reference in English texts by Austrian school-age learners 63
10. The role of conventionalized language in the acquisition and use of articles by Polish EFL learners 83
11. The use of intensifying adverbs in learner writing 105
12. Profiling EFL learners' writing performance by syntactic complexity: A corpus-based study 125
13. A cross-sectional analysis of the use of the English article system in Spanish learner writing 139
14. Lexical richness and variation in the writing of school-age EFL learners at different learning stages and different educational systems 159
15. Use and misuse of cohesive devices in the writings of EFL Chinese learners: A corpus-based study 169
16. Normalising frequency counts to account for 'opportunity of use' in learner corpora 187
17. Part 2. Issues of learner corpus research: Focus on speech data
18. Spanish learners' production of French close rounded vowels: A corpus-based perceptual study 205
19. Coding an L2 phonological corpus: From perceptual assessment to non-native speech models —An illustration with French nasal vowels— 229
20. Design and analysis of Asian English speech corpus —How to elicit L1 phonology in L2 English data— 251
21. Lexical profile of French learner speech: The Case of Japanese university students 279
22. What's (not) in a corpus?—What to look for in a learner corpus of spoken English— 299
23. The use of multi-word units in learner language narratives: Are there qualitative and/or quantitative differences between Japanese ESL learners and EFL learners? 309
24. Corpus-based analysis of lexical collocations by intermediate Japanese language learners —With a focus on the verb suru 333
25. Index of proper nouns 355
26. Index of subjects 359
27. Contributors 361