Chapter 6. Lost siblings
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Kofi Yakpo
Abstract
The two related English-lexifier creole languages Krio (Sierra Leone) and Pichi (Equatorial Guinea) have diverged due to differing contact ecologies since their split in the 19th century. Krio is spoken alongside its lexifier English as well as Atlantic and Mande adstrates. Pichi is spoken alongside Bantu adstrates and has been in contact with its superstrate Spanish, but not with English. I analyse and compare tense, aspect, and mood categories as well as participant marking and serial verb constructions to show that (a) Krio has become more similar to English than Pichi to Spanish because existing overlaps between creole and lexifier forms have facilitated transfer; (b) both Krio and Pichi have, respectively, aligned themselves with the Macro-Sudan and Bantu spread zone typological profiles of their ecologies. I interpret the findings via the stratal-areal contact model (Yakpo 2017a) to explain the divergence of Krio and Pichi as part of the differentiation of the whole African Caribbean English Creole cluster.
Abstract
The two related English-lexifier creole languages Krio (Sierra Leone) and Pichi (Equatorial Guinea) have diverged due to differing contact ecologies since their split in the 19th century. Krio is spoken alongside its lexifier English as well as Atlantic and Mande adstrates. Pichi is spoken alongside Bantu adstrates and has been in contact with its superstrate Spanish, but not with English. I analyse and compare tense, aspect, and mood categories as well as participant marking and serial verb constructions to show that (a) Krio has become more similar to English than Pichi to Spanish because existing overlaps between creole and lexifier forms have facilitated transfer; (b) both Krio and Pichi have, respectively, aligned themselves with the Macro-Sudan and Bantu spread zone typological profiles of their ecologies. I interpret the findings via the stratal-areal contact model (Yakpo 2017a) to explain the divergence of Krio and Pichi as part of the differentiation of the whole African Caribbean English Creole cluster.
Chapters in this book
- 日本言語政策学会 / Japan Association for Language Policy. 言語政策 / Language Policy 10. 2014 i
- Table of contents v
- Acknowledgement vii
- Foreword ix
- Introduction 1
-
Section 1. Fieldwork
- Chapter 1. Linguistic fieldwork as team science 20
-
Section 2. Locative predication
- Chapter 2. Locative expressions and their semantic extensions in Tima 44
- Chapter 3. A comparative study of the basic locative construction in Gurenɛ, Asante-Twi, and Tongugbe 74
- Chapter 4. Adposition classes in Tafi and Sɛlɛɛ 99
- Chapter 5. Moving from verbs to prepositions in Gbe 128
-
Section 3. Tense, aspect, mood and serialization
- Chapter 6. Lost siblings 154
- Chapter 7. The eventive functional sequence 189
- Chapter 8. Reduced complements 222
-
Section 4. Verb semantics
- Chapter 9. Caused accompanied motion in a direction 238
- Chapter 10. From injecting to planting 263
-
Section 5. Nominalization
- Chapter 11. Constructions with verbal nouns in Iraqw 286
- Chapter 12. Remarks on nominalised adjectives in Gã 314
- Author index 339
- Language index 341
- Subject index 343
Chapters in this book
- 日本言語政策学会 / Japan Association for Language Policy. 言語政策 / Language Policy 10. 2014 i
- Table of contents v
- Acknowledgement vii
- Foreword ix
- Introduction 1
-
Section 1. Fieldwork
- Chapter 1. Linguistic fieldwork as team science 20
-
Section 2. Locative predication
- Chapter 2. Locative expressions and their semantic extensions in Tima 44
- Chapter 3. A comparative study of the basic locative construction in Gurenɛ, Asante-Twi, and Tongugbe 74
- Chapter 4. Adposition classes in Tafi and Sɛlɛɛ 99
- Chapter 5. Moving from verbs to prepositions in Gbe 128
-
Section 3. Tense, aspect, mood and serialization
- Chapter 6. Lost siblings 154
- Chapter 7. The eventive functional sequence 189
- Chapter 8. Reduced complements 222
-
Section 4. Verb semantics
- Chapter 9. Caused accompanied motion in a direction 238
- Chapter 10. From injecting to planting 263
-
Section 5. Nominalization
- Chapter 11. Constructions with verbal nouns in Iraqw 286
- Chapter 12. Remarks on nominalised adjectives in Gã 314
- Author index 339
- Language index 341
- Subject index 343
