Motivating the flexibility of oriented - ly adverbs
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Cristiano Broccias
Abstract
This paper discusses participant-oriented uses of adverbs and tries to motivate their conceptual flexibility within a framework largely inspired by Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar. Usually, at least two types of participant-oriented adverb are identified, manner and transparent adverbs. It is argued here that they define a network where both a schema and a prototype can be recognized and that the difference between manner and transparent adverbs results from a difference in vantage point. Transparent adverbs, which code either cause or result, imply an internal vantage point while manner adverbs imply an external vantage point. The prototype is identified with those (manner) adverbs which involve some (external) evaluation of the clausal event on the part of the conceptualizer. The schema is regarded as merely coding temporal coextension between the verbal event and the property hinted at by the adjectival base of the adverb. Finally, the relation between participant-oriented adverbs, on the one hand, and depictive adjectives and resultative adverbs is also briefly addressed.
Abstract
This paper discusses participant-oriented uses of adverbs and tries to motivate their conceptual flexibility within a framework largely inspired by Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar. Usually, at least two types of participant-oriented adverb are identified, manner and transparent adverbs. It is argued here that they define a network where both a schema and a prototype can be recognized and that the difference between manner and transparent adverbs results from a difference in vantage point. Transparent adverbs, which code either cause or result, imply an internal vantage point while manner adverbs imply an external vantage point. The prototype is identified with those (manner) adverbs which involve some (external) evaluation of the clausal event on the part of the conceptualizer. The schema is regarded as merely coding temporal coextension between the verbal event and the property hinted at by the adjectival base of the adverb. Finally, the relation between participant-oriented adverbs, on the one hand, and depictive adjectives and resultative adverbs is also briefly addressed.
Chapters in this book
- Prelim pages i
- Table of contents v
- Preface vii
- Introduction 1
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Part I. Motivation in grammar
- Semantic motivation of the English auxiliary 29
- The mind as ground 49
- Motivating the flexibility of oriented - ly adverbs 71
- The cognitive motivation for the use of dangling participles in English 89
- What motivates an inference? 107
- The conceptual motivation of aspect 133
- Metaphoric motivation in grammatical structure 149
- Motivation in English must and Hungarian kell 171
- The socio-cultural motivation of referent honorifics in Korean and Japanese 191
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Part II. Motivation in the Lexicon
- Conceptual motivation in adjectival semantics 215
- Metonymy, metaphor and the “weekend frame of mind” 233
- Intrinsic or extrinsic motivation? 251
- Motivational networks 269
- The “meaning-full” vocabulary of English and German 287
- Name index 299
- Subject index 303
Chapters in this book
- Prelim pages i
- Table of contents v
- Preface vii
- Introduction 1
-
Part I. Motivation in grammar
- Semantic motivation of the English auxiliary 29
- The mind as ground 49
- Motivating the flexibility of oriented - ly adverbs 71
- The cognitive motivation for the use of dangling participles in English 89
- What motivates an inference? 107
- The conceptual motivation of aspect 133
- Metaphoric motivation in grammatical structure 149
- Motivation in English must and Hungarian kell 171
- The socio-cultural motivation of referent honorifics in Korean and Japanese 191
-
Part II. Motivation in the Lexicon
- Conceptual motivation in adjectival semantics 215
- Metonymy, metaphor and the “weekend frame of mind” 233
- Intrinsic or extrinsic motivation? 251
- Motivational networks 269
- The “meaning-full” vocabulary of English and German 287
- Name index 299
- Subject index 303
