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Final devoicing and deletion of /-d/ in Castilian Spanish

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Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 13. September 2016
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Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics
Aus der Zeitschrift Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics Band 9 Heft 2

Abstract

In the Spanish of north-western Spain, word-final /-d/ shows a remarkable variety of phonetic outcomes. Its possible realizations include voiced approximants, voiceless fricatives and voiced and voiceless plosives, in addition to the deletion of the segment. Here we examine this complex pattern of allophony in a corpus of conversational speech, focusing on the effect of the following phonological context. The results show that most commonly /-d/ is either deleted or realized as a voiceless fricative. Voiceless fricatives are found in all phrasal contexts, but with significantly higher frequency before pause than before a vowel, which is consistent with the hypothesis of diachronic extension of the devoicing from the former context to the latter. The devoicing of /-d/ is neutralizing. Voiceless fricative realizations of /-d/ do not differ from those of phonemic /-θ/ either in amount of voicing or in duration. This implies that deletion and devoicing represent two alternative patterns of reduction starting from [ð], since phonemic /-θ/ is not subject to deletion. Whereas the deletion of /-d/ has lexical exceptions, its devoicing does not. Among the majority of /d/-final words, for which deletion is possible, the relative frequency with which they undergo deletion vs. devoicing appears to vary substantially depending on the specific lexical item. That is, both position in phrase and lexical identity probabilistically determine the realization of /-d/. In addition to contributing to our understanding of the synchronic and diachronic phonology of word-final obstruents in Spanish, we consider the extent to which these data, showing variable word-final devoicing, may help us understand the historical evolution of the crosslinguistically common phenomenon of systematic word-final devoicing.

Keywords: final devoicing; consonant deletion; sound change; allophony; Spanish phonology

Acknowledgements

We want to thank Sarah Little for help with the segmentation and coding of the tokens, Joe Roy for statistical advice, and three anonymous reviewers for this journal for their very helpful comments.

Appendix

Table 10:

Number of tokens by speaker.

Final /d/ tokens (n = 574)
SpeakerCountSpeakerCount
f19s19m09a29
f23s49m10a24
f24s23m17s55
f29s52m18s33
f31s15m20s13
f33s50m25s18
f34s25m26s24
f35s38m27s34
f36s20m28s23
m30s22
m32s8
Table 11:

Lexical items and number of tokens. The number of tokens in CREA (subcorpus: Oral, Spain) for each word is also shown.

/-d//-θ/
WordCountCREAWordCountCREAWordCountCREA
actividad3224posibilidad4357capaz1219
casualidad176realidad2751diez491,325
ciudad145661solicitud2319vez293,286
comodidad241tened62
David2120tranquilidad1138
facultad1380universidad61387
longitude126usted875,332
Madrid1203,148utilidad119
mitad2347Valladolid788
necesidad1249verdad913,626
oportunidad1220
Figure 5: Example of deleted token of /-d/: verdad es. The yellow line on the spectrogram is the intensity curve.
Figure 5:

Example of deleted token of /-d/: verdad es. The yellow line on the spectrogram is the intensity curve.

Figure 6: Example of fricative token of /-d/: facultad es.
Figure 6:

Example of fricative token of /-d/: facultad es.

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Published Online: 2016-9-13
Published in Print: 2016-9-1

©2016 by De Gruyter Mouton

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Research Articles
  3. The Spanish doubled possessive construction from a cross-linguistic perspective
  4. Apuntes sobre la historia de la voz grama en español
  5. Vuelta en el español ecuatoriano y así en el español fronterizo mexicano: usos subjetivos e intersubjetivos
  6. Final devoicing and deletion of /-d/ in Castilian Spanish
  7. Phonetic accommodation in a situation of Spanish dialect contact: Coda /s/ and /r̄/ in Chicago
  8. Una “buena” manera de hablar acerca de grados: bien con adjetivos en español
https://doi.org/10.1515/shll-2016-0014
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
final devoicing; consonant deletion; sound change; allophony; Spanish phonology

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Research Articles
  3. The Spanish doubled possessive construction from a cross-linguistic perspective
  4. Apuntes sobre la historia de la voz grama en español
  5. Vuelta en el español ecuatoriano y así en el español fronterizo mexicano: usos subjetivos e intersubjetivos
  6. Final devoicing and deletion of /-d/ in Castilian Spanish
  7. Phonetic accommodation in a situation of Spanish dialect contact: Coda /s/ and /r̄/ in Chicago
  8. Una “buena” manera de hablar acerca de grados: bien con adjetivos en español
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