Home New insights into the evolution of Mississippi Valley-Type hydrothermal system: A case study of the Wusihe Pb-Zn deposit, South China, using quartz in-situ trace elements and sulfides in situ S-Pb isotopes
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

New insights into the evolution of Mississippi Valley-Type hydrothermal system: A case study of the Wusihe Pb-Zn deposit, South China, using quartz in-situ trace elements and sulfides in situ S-Pb isotopes

  • Kai Luo , Jia-Xi Zhou EMAIL logo , Zhi-Long Huang , John Caulfield , Jian-Xin Zhao , Yue-Xing Feng and Hegen Ouyang
Published/Copyright: December 30, 2019
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Author Information
American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 105 Issue 1

Abstract

Unraveling the evolution of Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) hydrothermal system is crucial for understanding ore genesis and exploration. In this paper, we take the Wusihe Pb-Zn deposit in the western Yangtze Block (South China) as a case study, using detailed ore deposit geology, quartz in situ trace elements, and sulfides in situ S-Pb isotopes, to propose a new integrated model for the evolution of MVT hydrothermal system. Four hydrothermal stages were identified in the Wusihe ore district: (I) lamellar pyrite-sphalerite; (II) disseminated, stock-work, and brecciated sphalerite-galena; (III) massive galena, and (IV) veined calcite-bitumen. Within the most representative stage (stage II), Al concentrations in quartz (Q) increase from 8.46–354 ppm (mean 134 ppm) of Q1 to 171–3049 ppm (mean 1062 ppm) of Q2, and then decrease to 3.18–149 ppm (mean 25.4 ppm) of Q3. This trend indicates the role of acid-producing processes that resulted from sulfide precipitation and acid consumption by carbonate buffering. The occurrence of authigenic non-altered K-feldspar provides further evidence that the ore-forming fluids were weakly acidic with pH values of > ~5.5. Moreover, new bulk δ34S values of sulfides (+1.8 to +14.3‰) are overall lower than those previously reported (+7.1 to +20.9‰), implying that in addition to thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR), bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) may play an important role in the formation of S2–. In situ δ34S values show a larger range (–4.3 to +26.6‰), and significantly, varies within single grains (up to +12.3‰), suggesting mixing of two isotopically distinct S2– end-members produced by TSR and BSR. The diagenetic and hydrothermal early phase (stage I) sulfides were formed within a nearly closed system of BSR, whereas the formation of late phase (stage II and stage III) sulfides was caused by the input of hydrothermal fluids that promoted TSR. New galena in situ Pb isotopic ratios (206Pb/204Pb = 18.02–18.19, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.66–15.69, and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.14–38.39) suggest that the sources of mineralizing metals in the Wusihe deposit are mainly Proterozoic basement rocks. Hence, a multi-process model (i.e., basin-mountain coupling, fluid mixing, local sulfate reduction, in situ acid-producing and involvement of black shales and carbonate sequences) was responsible for the formation of the Wusihe deposit, while S2– was produced by both TSR and BSR, providing new insights into the evolution of MVT hydrothermal system.

Keywords: Quartz in situ trace elements; sulfides in situ S-Pb isotopes; MVT hydrothermal system evolution; Wusihe Pb-Zn deposit; South China

Acknowledgments

We thank Wei Zhou, Gang Xia (The University of Queensland, Australia), En-Tao Liu (China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China), Tai-Yi Luo, Jun Chen, and Zhen-li Li (Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China) for fruitful discussions. Comments and suggestions from Fang-Zhen Teng (Associate Editor), Martin Appold, David Huston, and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved the quality of the paper.

  1. Funding

    This research was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (41872095 and 41430315), the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0602502), and the Research Start-up Project for Introduced Talent of Yunnan University (YJRC4201804) and the Cultivation Project for Excellent Youth of National Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan University (2018YDJQ009) to J.-X. Zhou.

References cited

Anderson, G. (2015) Kerogen as a source of sulfur in MVT deposits. Economic Geology, 110, 837–840.10.2113/econgeo.110.3.837Search in Google Scholar

Anderson, G., and Macqueen, R. (1982) Ore deposit models-6. Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits. Geoscience Canada, 9, 108–117.Search in Google Scholar

Appold, M., and Garven, G. (1999) The hydrology of ore formation in the Southeast Missouri district: Numerical models of topography-driven fluid flow during the Ouachita Orogeny. Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 94, 913–935.10.2113/gsecongeo.94.6.913Search in Google Scholar

Appold, M., and Nunn, J.A. (2005) Hydrology of the Western Arkoma basin and Ozark platform during the Ouachita orogeny: Implications for Mississippi Valley-type ore formation in the Tri-State Zn-Pb district. Geofluids, 5, 308–325.10.1111/j.1468-8123.2005.00122.xSearch in Google Scholar

Bao, Z., Li, Q., and Wang, C.Y. (2017) Metal source of giant Huize Zn-Pb deposit in SW China: New constraints from in situ Pb isotopic compositions of galena. Ore Geology Reviews, 91, 824–836.10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.08.019Search in Google Scholar

Basuki, N.I., Taylor, B.E., and Spooner, E.T.C. (2008) Sulfur isotope evidence for thermochemical reduction of dissolved sulfate in Mississippi Valley-Type zinc-lead mineralization, Bongara Area, Northern Peru. Economic Geology, 103, 783–799.10.2113/gsecongeo.103.4.783Search in Google Scholar

Chen, X.D., Chen, Z.Y., Cheng, Y.B., Ye, H.S., and Wang, H. (2011) Distribution and Application of Trace Elements in Hydrothermal Quartz: Understanding and prospecting. Geological Review, 57, 707–717 (in Chinese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Chu, Y., Lin, W., Faure, M., Wang, Q.C., and Ji, W.B. (2012) Phanerozoic tectonothermal events of the Xuefengshan Belt, central South China: Implications from U-Pb age and Lu-Hf determinations of granites. Lithos, 150, 243–255.10.1016/j.lithos.2012.04.005Search in Google Scholar

Corbella, M., and Ayora, C. (2003) Role of fluid mixing in deep dissolution of carbonates. Geologica Acta, 1, pp. 1–305.Search in Google Scholar

Corbella, M., Ayora, C., and Cardellach, E. (2004) Hydrothermal mixing, carbonate dissolution and sulfide precipitation in Mississippi Valley-type deposits. Mineralium Deposita, 39, 344–357.10.1007/s00126-004-0412-5Search in Google Scholar

Crerar, D., Wood, S., Brantley, S., and Bocarsly, A. (1985) Chemical controls on solubility of ore-forming minerals in hydrothermal solutions. Canadian Mineralogist, 23, 333–352.Search in Google Scholar

Duan, Q.F. (2014) The research of metallogenic regularity of stritabound zinc-lead deposits from Sinian-Cambrian in western Hunan and western Hubei. Doctoral dissertation, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Wuhan, pp. 1–156 (in Chinese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Duan, Q.F., Cao, L., Zeng, J.K., Zhou, Y., Tang, C.Y., and Li, K. (2014) Rb-Sr dating of sphalerites from Shizishan Pb-Zn deposit in Huayuan Ore Concentration Area,Western Hunan,and its geological significance. Earth Science, 39, 977–986 and 999 (in Chinese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Durham, K.C. (1966) Role of juvenile solutions, connate waters and evaporitic brines in the genesis of lead zinc-fluorine-barium deposits: Transactions, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, section B, 75, 226–229.Search in Google Scholar

Emsbo, P. (2000) Gold in sedex deposits. Reviews in Economic Geology, 13, 427–438.Search in Google Scholar

Gibbins, W.A. (1983) Mississippi Valley type lead-zinc districts of northern Canada, In P roceedings, International Conference on Mississippi Valley Type Lead-Zinc Deposits, University of Missouri-Rolla, pp. 403–414.Search in Google Scholar

Götze, J., and Möckel, R. (2012) Quartz: Deposits, mineralogy and analytics. Springer Science & Business Media, pp. 1–360.10.1007/978-3-642-22161-3Search in Google Scholar

Götze, J., Plotze, M., and Habermann, D. (2001) Origin, spectral characteristics and practical applications of the cathodolumimescence (CL) of quartz—a review. Mineralogy and Petrology, 71, 225–250.10.1007/s007100170040Search in Google Scholar

Götze, J., Plötze, M., Graupner, T., Hallbauer, D.K., and Bray, C.J. (2004) Trace element incorporation into quartz: A combined study by ICP-MS, electron spin resonance, cathodoluminescence, capillary ion analysis, and gas chromatography. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68, 3741–3759.10.1016/j.gca.2004.01.003Search in Google Scholar

Guilbert, J.M., and Park, C.F. (1986) The Geology of Ore Deposits, pp. 889–907. W.H. Freeman publication.Search in Google Scholar

Hammerli, J., Spandler, C., Oliver, N.H., Sossi, P., and Dipple, G.M. (2015) Zn and Pb mobility during metamorphism of sedimentary rocks and potential implications for some base metal deposits. Mineralium Deposita, 50, 657–664.10.1007/s00126-015-0600-5Search in Google Scholar

Han, R.S., Liu, C.Q., Huang, Z.L., Chen, J., Ma, D.Y., Lei, L., and Ma, G.S. (2007) Geological features and origin of the Huize carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb-(Ag) District, Yunnan, South China. Ore Geology Reviews, 31, 360–383.10.1016/j.oregeorev.2006.03.003Search in Google Scholar

Hou, Z.Q., Wang, S.X., Du, A.D., Qu, X.M., and Sun, W.D. (2003) Re-Os dating of sulfides from the volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit at Gacun, southwestem China. Resource Geology, 53, 305–310.10.1111/j.1751-3928.2003.tb00179.xSearch in Google Scholar

Hu, R.Z., Fu, S.L., Huang, Y., Zhou, M.F., Fu, S.H., Zhao, C.H., Wang, Y.J., Bi, X.W., and Xiao, J.F. (2017) The giant South China Mesozoic low-temperature metal-logenic domain: Reviews and a new geodynamic model. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 137, 9–34.10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.10.016Search in Google Scholar

Huang, Z.L., Chen, J., Han, R.S., Li, W.B., Liu, C.Q., Zhang, Z.L., Ma, D.Y., Gao, D.R., and Yang, H.L. (2004) Geochemistry and Ore-formation of the Huize Giant Lead-zinc Deposit, Yunnan, Province, China: Discussion on the Relationship Between Emeishan Flood Basalts and Lead-zinc Mineralization, pp.1–154. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese).Search in Google Scholar

Huang, J.L., Zou, C.N., Li, J.Z., Dong, D.Z., Wang, S., Wang, S.Q., and Cheng, K.M. (2012) Shale gas generation and potential of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the Southern Sichuan Basin, China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 39, 75–81.10.1016/S1876-3804(12)60017-2Search in Google Scholar

Huston, D.L., Stevens, B., Southgate, P.N., Muhling, P., and Wyborn, L. (2006) Australian Zn-Pb-Ag ore-forming systems: a review and analysis. Economic Geology, 101, 1117–1157.10.2113/gsecongeo.101.6.1117Search in Google Scholar

Huston, D.L., Champion, D.C., Morrison, G., Maas, R., Thome, J.P., Carr, G., Beams, S., Bottrill, R., Chang, Z. S., Dhnaram, C., and others. (2017) Spatial variations in lead isotopes, Tasman Element, eastern Australia. Geoscience Australia Record, pp. 1–37.10.11636/Record.2017.009Search in Google Scholar

Huttenlocher, H.F. (1935) Crystal structure of aluminium orthophosphate AlPO4 Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 90, 508–516.10.1524/zkri.1935.90.1.508Search in Google Scholar

Jiang, Y.H., Jin, G.D., Liao, S.Y., Zhou, Q., and Zhao, P. (2010) Geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic constraints on the origin of Late Triassic granitoids from the Qinling orogen, central China: Implications for a continental arc to continent–continent collision. Lithos, 117, 183–197.10.1016/j.lithos.2010.02.014Search in Google Scholar

Jones, H.D. (1993) Geochemical and sulfur isotopic investigations into the origins of Mississippi Valley-type mineralization in the southern Appalachians and nearby areas. Doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, pp. 1–279.Search in Google Scholar

Jorgensen, B.B., Isaksen, M.F., and Jannasch, H.W. (1992) Bacterial sulfate reduction above 100°C in deep-sea hydrothermal vent sediments. Science, 258, 1756–1757.10.1126/science.258.5089.1756Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Kong, Z.G., Wu, Y., Liang, T., Zhang, F., Meng, X.Y., and Lu, L. (2017) Sources of ore-forming material for Pb-Zn deposits in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou triangle area: Multiple constraints from C-H-O-S-Pb-Sr isotopic compositions. Geological Journal, 53, 159–177.10.1002/gj.3019Search in Google Scholar

Kucha, H. (2010) Microbial sphalerite formation in carbonate-hosted zn-pb ores, Bleiberg, Austria: micro- to nanotextural and sulfur isotope evidence. Economic Geology, 105, 1005–1023.10.2113/econgeo.105.5.1005Search in Google Scholar

Leach, D.L., Sangster, D.F., Kelley, K.D., Large, Ross. R., Garven, G., and Allen, C.R. (2005) Sediment-hosted Pb-Zn Deposits: a global perspective. Economic Geology, 100, 561–608.Search in Google Scholar

Leach, D.L., Bradley, D.C., Huston, D., Pisarevsky, S.A., Taylor, R.D., and Gardoll, S.J. (2010) Sediment-hosted lead-zinc deposits in Earth history. Economic Geology, 105, 593–625.10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.593Search in Google Scholar

Leventhal, J.S. (1990) Organic matter and thermochemical sulfate reduction in the viburnum trend, Southeast Missouri. Economic Geology, 85, 622–632.10.2113/gsecongeo.85.3.622Search in Google Scholar

Li, T.Z. (2007) The genesis and metallogenic model oflead-zinc deposits in the middle part of Dadu River Valley. Master dissertation, Chengdu Institute of Technology, Chengdu, China, pp. 1–55 (in Chinese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Li, X.H., Li, Z.X., Li, W.X., and Wang, Y. (2006) Initiation of the Indosinian Orogeny in South China: evidence for a Permian magmatic arc on Hainan Island. The Journal of Geology, 114, 341–353.10.1086/501222Search in Google Scholar

Li, J.W., Vasconcelos, P., Zhou, M.F., Deng, X.D., Cohen, B., Bi, S.J., Zhao, X.F., and Selby, D. (2014) Longevity of magmatic–hydrothermal systems in the Daye Cu–Fe–Au District, eastern China with implications for mineral exploration. Ore Geology Reviews, 57, 375–392.10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.08.002Search in Google Scholar

Li, Y., He, D., Li, D., Lu, R., Fan, C., Sun, Y., and Huang, H. (2018) Sedimentary provenance constraints on the Jurassic to Cretaceous paleogeography of Sichuan Basin, SW China. Gondwana Research, 60, 15–33.10.1016/j.gr.2018.03.015Search in Google Scholar

Lin, F.C. (2005) Geological and geochemical characteristics and genesis of super-large-scale Sedex-type stratiform lead-zinc deposits in the Dadu River Valley on the western margin of the Yangtze Craton. Acta Geologica Sinica, 79, 540–556 (in Chinese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Lin, X.X. (2014) Study on dolomite and metallogenic regularity of lead-zinc deposits within the Sinian Dengying Formation in Hanyuan region, Sichuan Province, China. Doctoral dissertation, Chengdu Institute of Technology, Chengdu, China, pp. 154 (in Chinese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Liu, H.C., and Lin, W.D. (1999) Study on the Pb–Zn–Ag ore deposits in northeast Yunnan, Yunnan, China. Yunnan University Press, Kunming, pp. 1–468 (in Chinese).Search in Google Scholar

Lu, S., Li, H., Chen, Z., Hao, G., Zhou, H., Guo, J., Niu, G., and Xiang, Z. (2003) Meso-Neoproterozoic geological evolution in the Qinling orogeny and its response to the supercontinental events of Rodinia. Geological Publish House, Beijing: pp. 1–194.Search in Google Scholar

Luo, K., Zhou, J.X., Huang, Z.L., Wang, X.C., Wilde, S.A., Zhou, W., and Tian, L. (2019) New insights into the origin of early Cambrian carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in South China: A case study of the Maliping Pb-Zn deposit. Gondwana Research, 70, 88–103.10.1016/j.gr.2018.12.015Search in Google Scholar

Machel, H.G., Krouse, H.R., and Sassen, R. (1995) Products and distinguishing criteria of bacterial and thermochemical sulfate reduction. Appllied Geochemistry, 10, 373–389.10.1016/0883-2927(95)00008-8Search in Google Scholar

Mackey, J.H. (1963) EPR study of impurity-related color centers in germanium-doped quartz. Journal of Chemical Physics, 39, 74–83.10.1063/1.1734035Search in Google Scholar

Mi, M., Chen, Y.J., Yang, Y.F., Wang, P., Li, F.L., Wan, S.Q., and Xu, Y.L. (2015) Geochronology and geochemistry of the giant Qian’echong Mo deposit, Dabie Shan, eastern China: Implications for ore genesis and tectonic setting. Gondwana Research, 27, 1217–1235.10.1016/j.gr.2014.05.006Search in Google Scholar

Moyers, A. (2015) Source Constraints of Ore Metals In Mississippi Valley-Type Deposits in Central and Eastern Tennessee Using Pb Isotopes. Master dissertation, University of Arkansas. pp. 1–76.Search in Google Scholar

Ohmoto, H. (1972) Systematics of sulfur and carbon isotopes in hydrothermal ore deposits. Economic Geology, 67, 551–578.10.2113/gsecongeo.67.5.551Search in Google Scholar

Ohmoto, H. (1986) Stable isotope geochemistry of ore-deposits. Reviews in Mineralogy, 16, 491–559.Search in Google Scholar

Ohmoto, H., and Rye, R. (1979) Isotopes of sulfur and carbon. Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits, 509–567.Search in Google Scholar

Oliver, J. (1986) Fluids expelled tectonically from orogenic belts: Their role in hydrocarbon migration and other geologic phenomena. Geology, 14, 99–102.10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<99:FETFOB>2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

Paradis, S., Hannigan, P., and Dewing, K. (2007) Mississipi valley-type lead-zinc deposits (MVT). Mineral deposits of Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, p. 1–15.Search in Google Scholar

Peevler, J., Fayek, M., Misra, K.C., and Riciputi, L.R. (2003) Sulfur isotope microanalysis of sphalerite by SIMS: constraints on the genesis of Mississippi valley-type mineralization, from the Mascot-Jefferson City district, East Tennessee. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 80, 277–296.10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00195-XSearch in Google Scholar

Perny, B., Eberhardt, P., Ramseyer, K., Mullis, J., and Pankrath, R. (1992) Microdistribution of Al, Li, and Na in a quartz: possible causes and correlation with short-lived cathodoluminescence. American Mineralogist, 77, 534–544.Search in Google Scholar

Potra, A., Garmon, W.T., Samuelsen, J.R., Wulff, A., and Pollock, E.D. (2018) Lead isotope trends and metal sources in the Mississippi Valley-type districts from the mid-continent United States. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 192, 174–186.10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.07.002Search in Google Scholar

Rusk, B.G., Lowers, H.A., and Reed, M.H. (2008) Trace elements in hydrothermal quartz: Relationships to cathodoluminescent textures and insights into vein formation. Geology, 36, 547–550.10.1130/G24580A.1Search in Google Scholar

Shao, S.C., and Li, C. Y. (1996). Metallogenetic rules of the strata-bound Pb-Zn deposit in Dengying Formation of the west margin of Yangtze massif and its possibility of ore-forming super-large ore deposit. Yunnan Geology, 15, 345–350 (in Chinese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Shu, L.S. (2006) Predevonian tectonic evolution of south China: from Cathaysian Block to Caledonian period folded orogenic belt. Geological Journal of China Universities, 12, 418–431.Search in Google Scholar

Sverjensky, D.A. (1981) The origin of a Mississippi Valley-type deposit in the Viburnum Trend, Southeast Missouri. Economic Geology, 76, 1848–1872.10.2113/gsecongeo.76.7.1848Search in Google Scholar

Sverjensky, D.A. (1984) Oil field brines as ore-forming solutions. Economic Geology, 79, 23–37.10.2113/gsecongeo.79.1.23Search in Google Scholar

Talluri, J.K., Pandalai, H.S., and Jadhav, G.N. (2000) Fluid chemistry and depositional mechanism of the epigenetic, discordant ores of the proterozoic, carbonate-hosted, Zawarmala Pb-Zn Deposit, Udaipur District, India. Economic Geology, 95, 1505–1525.10.2113/gsecongeo.95.7.1505Search in Google Scholar

Tan, S.C., Zhou, J.X., Li, B., and Zhao, J.X. (2017) In situ Pb and bulk Sr isotope analysis of the Yinchanggou Pb-Zn deposit in Sichuan Province (SW China): Constraints on the origin and evolution of hydrothermal fluids. Ore Geology Reviews, 91, 432–443.10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.09.012Search in Google Scholar

Wang, X.H., Xue, C.J., Li, Z.M., Li, Q., and Yang, R. J. (2008) Geological and geochemical characteristics of Mayuan Pb-Zn ore deposit on northern margin of Yangtze landmass. Mineral Deposits, 27, 37–48 (in Chinese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Wang, Y.J., Zhang, F.F., Fan, W.M., Zhang, G.W., Chen, S.Y., Cawood, P.A., and Zhang, A.M. (2010) Tectonic setting of the South China Block in the early Paleozoic: Resolving intracontinental and ocean closure models from detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology. Tectonics, 29, TC6020, doi: 10.1029/2010TC002750.10.1029/2010TC002750Search in Google Scholar

Wang, L.J., Yu, J.H., Griffin, W.L., and O’Reilly, S.Y. (2012) Early crustal evolution in the western Yangtze Block: Evidence from U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes on detrital zircons from sedimentary rocks. Precambrian Research, 222–223, 368–385.10.1016/j.precamres.2011.08.001Search in Google Scholar

Wang, C.M., Deng, J., Carranza, E.J.M., and Lai, X.R. (2014) Nature, diversity and temporal–spatial distributions of sediment-hosted Pb–Zn deposits in China. Ore Geology Reviews, 56, 327–351.10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.06.004Search in Google Scholar

Wang, W. (2015) Texture and structure characteristics of ore and genetic research of Wusihe Pb-Zn deposit, Sichuan Province. Master dissertation, China University of Geosciences. Beijing, pp. 1–56 (in Chinese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Wilkinson, J. (2013) Sediment-hosted zinc-lead mineralization: Processes and perspectives. In H. Holland and K. Turekian, Eds., Processes and Perspectives, Treatise on Geochemistry, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 219–249. Doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.01109-8.10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.01109-8Search in Google Scholar

Wilkinson, J.J., Eyre, S.L., and Boyce, A.J. (2005) Ore-forming processes in Irish-type carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb deposits: Evidence from mineralogy, chemistry, and isotopic composition of sulfides at the Lisheen mine. Economic Geology, 100, 63–86.10.2113/100.1.0063Search in Google Scholar

Wu, Y. (2013) The age and ore-forming process of MVT deposits in the boundary area of Sichuan- Yunnan-Guizhou provinces, Southwest China. Doctoral dissertation, China University of Geosciences. Beijing, pp. 1–175 (in Chinese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Wu, Y., Zhang, C.Q., Mao, J.W., Ouyang, H.G., and Sun, J. (2013) The genetic relationship between hydrocarbon systems and Mississippi Valley-type Zn-Pb deposits along the SW margin of Sichuan Basin, China. International Geology Review, 55, 941–957.10.1080/00206814.2012.753177Search in Google Scholar

Wu, T., Zhou, J.X., Wang, X.C., Li, W.X., Wilde, S.A., Sun, H.R., Wang, J.S., and Li, Z. (2018) Identification of ca. 850 Ma high-temperature strongly peraluminous granitoids in southeastern Guizhou Province, South China: A result of early extension along the southern margin of the Yangtze Block. Precambrian Research, 308, 18–34.10.1016/j.precamres.2018.02.007Search in Google Scholar

Xiong, S.F., Yao, S.Z., Gong, Y.J., Tang, M.T., Zeng, G.P., and Wang, W. (2016) Ore-forming fluid and thermochemical sulfate reduction in the Wusihe lead-zinc deposit, Sichuan Province, China. Earth Science 41, 105–120 (in Chinese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Xiong, S.F., Gong, Y.J., Jiang, S.Y., Zhang, X.J., Li, Q., and Zeng, G.P. (2018) Ore genesis of the Wusihe carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb deposit in the Dadu River Valley district, Yangtze Block, SW China: evidence from ore geology, S-Pb isotopes, and sphalerite Rb-Sr dating. Mineralium Deposita, 53, 967–979.10.1007/s00126-017-0776-ySearch in Google Scholar

Xue, C., Chi, G., and Fayek, M. (2015) Micro-textures and in situ sulfur isotopic analysis of spheroidal and zonal sulfides in the giant Jinding Zn–Pb deposit, Yunnan, China: Implications for biogenic processes. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 103, 288–304.10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.07.009Search in Google Scholar

Ye, L., Cook, N.J., Ciobanu, C.L., Yuping, L., Qian, Z., and Tiegeng, L. (2011) Trace and minor elements in sphalerite from base metal deposits in south china: a LA-ICPMS study. Ore Geology Reviews, 39, 188–217.10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.03.001Search in Google Scholar

Yuan, S.D., Ellis, G. S., Chou, I.M., and Burruss, R.C. (2017) Experimental investigation on thermochemical sulfate reduction in the presence of 1-pentanethiol at 200 and 250°C: Implications for in situ TSR processes occurring in some MVT deposits. Ore Geology Reviews, 91, 57–65.10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.11.003Search in Google Scholar

Zartman, R.E., and Doe, B.R. (1981) Plumbotectonics—the model. Tectonophysics, 75, 135–162.10.1016/0040-1951(81)90213-4Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, C.Q. (2008) The genetic model of Mississippi Valley-type deposits in the boundary area of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou Province, China. Doctoral dissertation, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, pp. 1–167 (in Chinese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, S.B., Zheng, Y.F., Wu, Y.B., Zhao, Z.F., Gao, S., and Wu, F.Y. (2006) Zircon U-Pb age and Hf-O isotope evidence for Paleoproterozoic metamorphic event in South China. Precambrian Research, 151, 265–288.10.1016/j.precamres.2006.08.009Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, C.Q., Li, X.B., Yu, J.J., Mao, J.W., Chen, F.K., and Li, H.M. (2008) Rb–Sr dating of single sphalerites from the Daliangzi Pb–Zn deposit, Sichuan, and its geological significances. Geological Review, 54, 145–151 (in Chinese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, C.Q., Yu, J.J., Mao, J.W., and Rui, Z.Y. (2009) Advances in the study of Mississippi Valley-type deposits. Mineral deposits, 28, 195–210 (in Chinese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, C.Q., Yu, J.J., Mao, J.W., Yu, H., and Li, H.M. (2010) Research on the Biomarker from Chipu Pb-Zn Deposit, Sichuan. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 28, 832–844 (in Chinese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, G.W., Guo, A.L., Wang, Y.J., Li, S.Z., Dong, Y.P., Liu, S.F., He, D.F., Cheng, S.Y., Lu, R.K., and Yao, A.P. (2013) Tectonics of South China continent and its implications. Science China Earth Sciences, 56, 1804–1828.10.1007/s11430-013-4679-1Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, C.Q., Wu, Y., Wang, D.H., and Chen, Y.C. (2014a) Brief introducition on metallogeny of Pb-Zn deposits in China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 88, 2252–2268 (in Chinese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, Y.X., Wu, Y., Tian, G., Shen, L., Zhou, Y.M., Dong, W.W., Zeng, R., Yang, X.C., and Zhang, C.Q. (2014b) Mineralization Age and the Source of Ore-forming Material at Lehong Pb-Zn Deposit, Yunnan Province: Constraints from Rb-Sr and S Isotopes System. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 34, 305–311 (in Chinese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Zhao, G.C. (2015) Jiangnan Orogen in South China: Developing from divergent double subduction. Gondwana Research, 27, 1173–1180.10.1016/j.gr.2014.09.004Search in Google Scholar

Zhao, X.F., Zhou, M.F., Li, J.W., Sun, M., Gao, J.F., Sun, W.H., and Yang, J.H. (2010) Late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic Dongchuan Group in Yunnan, SW China: Implications for tectonic evolution of the Yangtze Block. Precambrian Research, 182, 57–69.10.1016/j.precamres.2010.06.021Search in Google Scholar

Zhao, J.H., Zhou, M.F., Yan, D.P., Zheng, J.P., Li, and J.W. (2011) Reappraisal of the ages of Neoproterozoic strata in South China: No connection with the Grenvillian orogeny. Geology, 39, 299–302.10.1130/G31701.1Search in Google Scholar

Zheng, X.Z. (2012) Geological features and genesis of Wusihe Pb-Zn deposit, Sichuan. Master dissertation, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China, pp. 1–66 (in Chinese with English abstract).Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, M.F., Yan, D.P., Kennedy, A.K., Li, Y.Q., and Ding, J. (2002) SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronological and geochemical evidence for Neoproterozoic arc-magmatism along the western margin of the Yangtze Block, South China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 196, 51–67.10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00595-7Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, M.F., Ma, Y.X., Yan, D.P., Xia, X.P., Zhao, J.H., and Sun, M. (2006) The Yanbian terrane (Southern Sichuan Province, SW China): A neoproterozoic are assemblage in the western margin of the Yangtze block. Precambrian Research, 144, 19–38.10.1016/j.precamres.2005.11.002Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, J.C., Wang, X.L., and Qiu, J.S. (2009) Geochronology of Neoproterozoic mafic rocks and sandstones from northeastern Guizhou, South China: Coeval arc magmatism and sedimentation. Precambrian Research, 170, 27–42.10.1016/j.precamres.2008.11.002Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, J.X., Huang, Z.L., and Yan, Z.F. (2013a) The origin of the Maozu carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposit, southwest China: Constrained by C-O-S-Pb isotopic compositions and Sm-Nd isotopic age. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 73, 39–47.10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.04.031Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, J.X., Huang, Z.L., Zhou, M., Li, X., and Jin, Z.G. (2013b) Constraints of C-OS-Pb isotope compositions and Rb-Sr isotopic age on the origin of the Tianqiao carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposit, SW China. Ore Geology Reviews, 53, 77–92.10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.01.001Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, J.X., Bai, J.H., Huang, Z.L., Zhu, D., Yan, Z.F., and Lv, Z.C. (2015) Geology, isotope geochemistry and geochronology of the Jinshachang carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposit, southwest China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 98, 272–284.10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.11.024Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, J.X., Luo, K., Wang, X.C., Wilde, S.A., Wu, T., Huang, Z.L., Cui, Y.L., and Zhao, J.X. (2018a) Ore genesis of the Fule Pb-Zn deposit and its relationship with the Emeishan Large Igneous Province: Evidence from mineralogy, bulk C-O-S and in situ S-Pb isotopes. Gondwana Research, 54, 161–179.10.1016/j.gr.2017.11.004Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, J.X., Wang, X.C., Wilde, S.A., Luo, K., Huang, Z.L., Wu, T., and Jin, Z.G. (2018b) New insights into the metallogeny of MVT Zn-Pb deposits: A case study from the Nayongzhi in South China, using field data, fluid compositions, and in situ S-Pb isotopes. American Mineralogist, 103, 91–108.10.2138/am-2018-6238Search in Google Scholar

Zhou, J.X., Xiang, Z.Z., Zhou, M.F., Feng, Y.X., Luo, K., Huang, Z.L., and Wu, T. (2018c) The giant Upper Yangtze Pb-Zn province in SW China: Reviews, new advances and a new genetic model. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 154, 280–315.10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.12.032Search in Google Scholar

Zhu, C.W., Liao, S.L., Wang, W., Zhang, Y.X., Yang, T., Fan, H.F., and Wen, H.J. (2018) Variations in Zn and S isotope chemistry of sedimentary sphalerite, Wusihe Zn-Pb deposit, Sichuan Province, China. Ore Geology Reviews, 95, 639–648.10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.03.018Search in Google Scholar

Zou, C.N., Dong, D.Z., Wang, S.J., Li, J.Z., Li, X.J., Wang, Y.M., Li, D.H., and Cheng, K.M. (2010) Geological characteristics and resource potential of shale gas in China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 37, 641–653.10.1016/S1876-3804(11)60001-3Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2019-05-01
Accepted: 2019-08-25
Published Online: 2019-12-30
Published in Print: 2020-01-28

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Regolith-hosted rare-earth elements: The phyllosilicate connection
  3. MSA Centennial Review Paper
  4. Heirs of the revolution: X-ray diffraction and the birth of the Mineralogical Society of America
  5. Deep Earth carbon reactions through time and space
  6. Magmatic carbon outgassing and uptake of CO2 by alkaline waters
  7. New insights into the evolution of Mississippi Valley-Type hydrothermal system: A case study of the Wusihe Pb-Zn deposit, South China, using quartz in-situ trace elements and sulfides in situ S-Pb isotopes
  8. Celestine discovered in Hawaiian basalts
  9. Microstructural controls on the chemical heterogeneity of cassiterite revealed by cathodoluminescence and elemental X-ray mapping
  10. Hornblende as a tool for assessing mineral-melt equilibrium and recognition of crystal accumulation
  11. The role of clay minerals in formation of the regolith-hosted heavy rare earth element deposits
  12. The tetrahedrite group: Nomenclature and classification
  13. Caseyite, a new mineral containing a variant of the flat-Al13 polyoxometalate cation
  14. Incorporation of Mg in phase Egg, AlSiO3OH: Toward a new polymorph of phase H, MgSiH2O4, a carrier of water in the deep mantle
  15. Imaging trace-element zoning in pyroxenes using synchrotron XRF mapping with the Maia detector array: Benefit of low-incident energy
  16. Discussion
  17. “Kamchatite” diamond aggregate from northern Kamchatka, Russia: New find of diamond formed by gas phase condensation or chemical vapor deposition—Discussion
  18. Reply
  19. On “Kamchatite” diamond aggregate from northern Kamchatka, Russia: New find of CVD-formed diamond in nature—Reply to K.D. Litasov, T.B. Bekker, and H. Kagi
  20. Memorial of Enver Murad 1941–2019
  21. Errata
https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7021
Keywords for this article
Quartz in situ trace elements; sulfides in situ S-Pb isotopes; MVT hydrothermal system evolution; Wusihe Pb-Zn deposit; South China

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Highlights and Breakthroughs
  2. Regolith-hosted rare-earth elements: The phyllosilicate connection
  3. MSA Centennial Review Paper
  4. Heirs of the revolution: X-ray diffraction and the birth of the Mineralogical Society of America
  5. Deep Earth carbon reactions through time and space
  6. Magmatic carbon outgassing and uptake of CO2 by alkaline waters
  7. New insights into the evolution of Mississippi Valley-Type hydrothermal system: A case study of the Wusihe Pb-Zn deposit, South China, using quartz in-situ trace elements and sulfides in situ S-Pb isotopes
  8. Celestine discovered in Hawaiian basalts
  9. Microstructural controls on the chemical heterogeneity of cassiterite revealed by cathodoluminescence and elemental X-ray mapping
  10. Hornblende as a tool for assessing mineral-melt equilibrium and recognition of crystal accumulation
  11. The role of clay minerals in formation of the regolith-hosted heavy rare earth element deposits
  12. The tetrahedrite group: Nomenclature and classification
  13. Caseyite, a new mineral containing a variant of the flat-Al13 polyoxometalate cation
  14. Incorporation of Mg in phase Egg, AlSiO3OH: Toward a new polymorph of phase H, MgSiH2O4, a carrier of water in the deep mantle
  15. Imaging trace-element zoning in pyroxenes using synchrotron XRF mapping with the Maia detector array: Benefit of low-incident energy
  16. Discussion
  17. “Kamchatite” diamond aggregate from northern Kamchatka, Russia: New find of diamond formed by gas phase condensation or chemical vapor deposition—Discussion
  18. Reply
  19. On “Kamchatite” diamond aggregate from northern Kamchatka, Russia: New find of CVD-formed diamond in nature—Reply to K.D. Litasov, T.B. Bekker, and H. Kagi
  20. Memorial of Enver Murad 1941–2019
  21. Errata
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2025 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 28.9.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.2138/am-2020-7021/html
Scroll to top button