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Pedal grasping in the northern smooth-tailed treeshrew Dendrogale murina (Tupaiidae, Scandentia): insights for euarchontan pedal evolution

  • Dionisios Youlatos EMAIL logo , Nikolaos Evangelos Karantanis and Aleksandra Panyutina
Published/Copyright: January 13, 2016

Abstract

Pedal grasping evolution in euarchontan mammals is of great importance as it bears on the adaptive significance of specialized hallucal grasping and arboreal niche use related to the group differentiation. Basally divergent arboreal tupaiid treeshrews are very suitable for testing pedal grasping modes and associated substrate correlates and provide insights on euarchontan pedal evolution. For these purposes we filmed wild-caught Dendrogale murina from Vietnam and analyzed their foot mechanisms. Our observations showed that hallucal grasp was moderately used and was mainly associated with small and horizontal substrates. Convergent grasp was frequently used on medium-sized and horizontal substrates whereas claws were related to large and vertical substrates. In addition, the foot was frequently inverted and mainly placed in a semiplantigrade position. Inversion and semiplantigrady dominated on small, medium-sized and horizontal substrates but decreased on larger substrates with increased inclinations. The observed pedal mechanism probably represents a derived condition, where hallucal grasping tends to become slightly restrained, compared to the primitive euarchontan (and scandentian) pedal grasping mechanism. Furthermore, it hallmarks an early stage in tupaiid evolution towards a more constrained pedal grasping. This further substantiates pedal grasping plasticity within euarchontan mammals and highlights the strong relation between a hallucal grasping mechanism and the frequent and primary use of small slender substrates.


Corresponding author: Dionisios Youlatos, School of Biology, Department of Zoology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece, e-mail:

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank for the financial support provided by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Lomonossov Moscow State University exchange program. Invaluable help and support to the arrangement of the experimental settings and filming were provided by E. Yakhontov and Profs. L.P. Korzoun and A.N. Kuznetsov. The current study was financially supported by Russian Science Foundation (RNF) (projects no. 14-50-00029 “Scientific Basis of the National Biobank – depository of the living systems”) and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects no. 15-04-05049A). We are particularly grateful to Prof. E.J. Sargis for constructive comments on earlier versions of this work. Many thanks also go to the reviewers and the editor for their suggestions that greatly improved this paper.

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Received: 2015-6-30
Accepted: 2015-11-25
Published Online: 2016-1-13
Published in Print: 2017-1-1

©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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