Abstract
The influence of hygrothermal condition on dynamic viscoelasticity of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) during the moisture desorption (MDes) process was investigated. The ambient hygrothermal environments were set up as a series of constant temperatures and two relative humidity (RH) modes (RHramp-down and RHisohume). The MDes provided space for the rearrangement of the hydrogen bonds (Re-HB) and caused a mechano-sorptive (MS) effect. The enhancement of the Re-HB effect negatively correlated with the increment of loss modulus, while the elevation of the MS and the heating effects intensified the loss modulus. Lower values of RHc, determining the plateau area of loss modulus, were obtained at higher temperatures or greater RH ramping rates. The residual instability in the wood cell wall was quantitatively characterized by the extent of the MS effect. Residual instability was inversely proportional to the RHisohume level during the MDes process. The study of time dependent viscoelastic properties under moisture changing process provided insight into the condition of adsorbed water in the cell wall and optimized the manufacturing technique involved in the thermo-hygro-mechanical treatment of wood.
Acknowledgment
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Funder Id: 10.13039/501100001809, (No. 31700487), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (CN) (No. BK20170926), the Innovation Fund for Young Scholars of Nanjing Forestry University (CX2017002), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
References
Bonnet, M., Courtier-Murias, D., Faure, P., Rodts, S., Care, S. (2017) NMR determination of sorption isotherms in earlywood and latewood of Douglas fir. Identification of bound water components related to their local environment. Holzforschung 71:481–490.10.1515/hf-2016-0152Search in Google Scholar
Engelund, E.T., Salmén, L. (2012) Tensile creep and recovery of Norway spruce influenced by temperature and moisture. Holzforschung 66:959–965.10.1515/hf-2011-0172Search in Google Scholar
Engelund, E.T., Thygesen, L.G. Svensson, S., Hill C.A.S. (2013) A critical discussion of the physics of wood-water interactions. Wood Sci. Technol. 47:141–161.10.1007/s00226-012-0514-7Search in Google Scholar
Hunt, D., Gril, J. (1996) Evidence of a physical ageing phenomenon in wood. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 15:80–82.10.1007/BF01855620Search in Google Scholar
Ishimaru, Y., Arai, K., Mizutani, M., Oshima, K., Iida, I. (2001) Physical and mechanical properties of wood after moisture conditioning. J. Wood Sci. 47:185–191.10.1007/BF01171220Search in Google Scholar
Jiang, J., Lu, J., Zhao, Y., Wu, Y. (2010) Influence of frequency on wood viscoelasticity under two types of heating conditions. Drying Technol. 28:823–829.10.1080/07373937.2010.485084Search in Google Scholar
Li, W., Van den Bulcke J., Dhaene, J., Zhan, X., Mei, C., Van Acker, J. (2018) Investigating the interaction between internal structural changes and water sorption of MDF and OSB using X-ray computed tomography. Wood Sci. Technol. doi:10.1007/s00226-018-0992-3.10.1007/s00226-018-0992-3Search in Google Scholar
Pearson, H., Ormarsson, S., Gabbitas, B. (2015) Nonlinear tensile creep behavior of radiata pine at elevated temperatures and different moisture contents. Holzforschung 69:915–923.10.1515/hf-2014-0240Search in Google Scholar
Pekka, T., Mark, H. (2016) The effect of temperature and moisture content on the fracture behaviour of spruce and birch. Holzforschung 70:369–376.10.1515/hf-2015-0017Search in Google Scholar
Siau, J.F. Wood: Influence of Moisture on Physical Properties. Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, 1995.Search in Google Scholar
Skaar, C. Wood-Water Relations. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1988.10.1007/978-3-642-73683-4Search in Google Scholar
Takahashi, C., Ishimaru, Y., Iida, I., Furuta, Y. (2004) The creep of wood destabilized by change in moisture content. Part 1: the creep behaviors of wood during and immediately after drying. Holzforschung 58:261–267.10.1515/HF.2004.040Search in Google Scholar
Takahashi, C., Ishimaru, Y., Iida, I., Furuta, Y. (2005) The creep of wood destabilized by change in moisture content. Part 2: the creep behaviors of wood during and immediately after adsorption. Holzforschung 59:46–53.10.1515/HF.2005.008Search in Google Scholar
Wim, W. (2015) A critical review of the multilayer sorption models and comparison with the sorption site occupancy (SSO) model for wood moisture sorption isotherm analysis. Holzforschung 69:67–76.10.1515/hf-2014-0069Search in Google Scholar
Wim, W. (2016) Equilibrium thermodynamics of wood moisture revisited: presentation of a simplified theory. Holzforschung 70:963–970.10.1515/hf-2015-0251Search in Google Scholar
Zhan, T., Jiang, J., Peng, H., Lu, J. (2016a) Dynamic viscoelastic properties of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) during moisture desorption processes. Holzforschung 70:547–555.10.1515/hf-2015-0183Search in Google Scholar
Zhan, T., Lu, J., Jiang, J., Peng, H., Li, A., Chang, J. (2016b) Viscoelastic properties of the Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) during moisture sorption processes determined by harmonic test. Materials (Basel). 9:1020.10.3390/ma9121020Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Zhan, T., Lu, J, Jiang, J., Chang, J. (2018) Influence of hygrothermal condition on dynamic viscoelasticity of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). Part 1: moisture adsorption. Holzforschung 72:567–578.10.1515/hf-2017-0129Search in Google Scholar
Zhang, X., Hu, H., Guo, M. (2015) Relaxation of a hydrophilic polymer induced by moisture desorption through the glass transition. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17:3186–3195.10.1039/C4CP04966GSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
Supplementary Material:
The online version of this article offers supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2017-0130).
©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Analysis of the bacterial communities in the waterlogged wooden cultural relics of the Xiaobaijiao No. 1 shipwreck via high-throughput sequencing technology
- Determination of the country of origin of true mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) wood in five Latin American countries using handheld NIR devices and multivariate data analysis
- Poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (polyDADMAC) assisted cellulase pretreatment for microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) preparation and MFC analysis
- Carbohydrate content of black liquor and precipitated lignin at different ionic strengths in flow-through kraft cooking
- Influence of moisture content on the results of penetration and withdrawal resistance measurements on softwoods
- The effect of high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) treatment on bonding interphase characteristics among different wood sections of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.)
- Influence of hygrothermal condition on dynamic viscoelasticity of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). Part 1: moisture adsorption
- Influence of hygrothermal condition on dynamic viscoelasticity of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). Part 2: moisture desorption
- Effects of a layered structure on the physicomechanical properties and extended creep behavior of bamboo-polypropylene composites (BPCs) determined by the stepped isostress method
- Preparation of slow release nanopesticide microspheres from benzoyl lignin
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Analysis of the bacterial communities in the waterlogged wooden cultural relics of the Xiaobaijiao No. 1 shipwreck via high-throughput sequencing technology
- Determination of the country of origin of true mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) wood in five Latin American countries using handheld NIR devices and multivariate data analysis
- Poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (polyDADMAC) assisted cellulase pretreatment for microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) preparation and MFC analysis
- Carbohydrate content of black liquor and precipitated lignin at different ionic strengths in flow-through kraft cooking
- Influence of moisture content on the results of penetration and withdrawal resistance measurements on softwoods
- The effect of high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) treatment on bonding interphase characteristics among different wood sections of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.)
- Influence of hygrothermal condition on dynamic viscoelasticity of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). Part 1: moisture adsorption
- Influence of hygrothermal condition on dynamic viscoelasticity of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). Part 2: moisture desorption
- Effects of a layered structure on the physicomechanical properties and extended creep behavior of bamboo-polypropylene composites (BPCs) determined by the stepped isostress method
- Preparation of slow release nanopesticide microspheres from benzoyl lignin