Influence of surface properties and concentration of NiO nanoparticles towards the decoloration of textile dye reactive black 5
-
Ramesh Martha
,
Venugopal Rao Bakshi
Abstract
NiO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized at various quantities via a thermal decomposition route and analyzed using topographical and optical properties. The average size of NiO NPs is estimated to be between 100 nm and 50 nm, with an average surface roughness of 5.42 nm ± 12.62 nm. Image J analysis suggests that the regularity ratio (R) is between 0.12 % and 0.35 %. NiO NPs with a Ni concentration of 1 mM were able to eliminate 83 % of Reactive Black five during 60 min. Furthermore, when NiO NPs were synthesized at a temperature of 200 °C and at a higher concentration (1 M), they demonstrated excellent adsorption towards the decolorization of RB-5 (RB-5) and obeys pseudo zero order kinetics with values of −0.0106 h−1, −0.0095 h−1 and −0.0021 h−1.
-
Research ethics: Not applicable.
-
Informed consent: Not applicable.
-
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. Ramesh Martha contributed for the preparation, characterization of samples and writing this article. Venugopal Rao Bakshi contributed in reviewing and organization of this article. Santhosh Kumar Adpa contributed in the methodology and literature survey of this work. Ravi Chander Maroju and Monami Das Modak contributed in plotting of figures and simulation of results through software (Image J). Kumara Swamy Gullapelli contributed in giving proper shaping and checking the similarity of this work.
-
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
-
Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Data availability: Not applicable.
-
Human and animal rights: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
References
1. Azizan, NA, Nasuha, N, Maarof, HI. Degradation of RB-5 dye (RB-5) using iron electrode (Fe.S) derived from iron sludge steel waste via electrochemical method. Earth Environ Sci. 2023;1216:012037. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1216/1/012037.Search in Google Scholar
2. Chong, MN, Cho, YJ, Poh, PE, Jin, B. Evaluation of titanium dioxide photocatalytic technology for the treatment of RB-5 dye in synthetic and real greywater effluents. J Clean Prod 2015;89:196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.11.014.Search in Google Scholar
3. Tarrago, M, Garcia-Valles, M, Aly, MH, Martínez, S. Valorization of sludge from a wastewater treatment plant by glass-ceramic production. Ceram Int 2017;43:930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.10.083.Search in Google Scholar
4. Niu, J, Zhang, L, Li, Y, Zhao, J, Lv, S, Xiao, K. Effects of environmental factors on sulfamethoxazole photodegradation under simulated sunlight irradiation: kinetics and mechanism. J Environ Sci 2013;25:1098. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742-12-60167-3.Search in Google Scholar
5. Kalkan, E, Nadaroğlu, H, Celebi, N, Tozsin, G. Removal of textile dye RB-5 from aqueous solution by adsorption on laccase-modified silica fume. Desalination Water Treat 2014;52:6122. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.811114.Search in Google Scholar
6. Vijayaraghavan, J, Basha, SS, Jegan, J. A review on efficacious methods to decolorize reactive azo dye. J Urban Environ Eng 2013;7:1–10.10.4090/juee.2013.v7n1.30-47Search in Google Scholar
7. Diagboya, PN, Odagwe, A, Oyem, HH, Omoruyi, C, Osabohien, E. Adsorptive decolorization of dyes in aqueous solution using magnetic sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) peel waste. RSC Sustain 2014;2:686–94. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3su00410d.Search in Google Scholar
8. Shanbhag, VV, Prashantha, SC, Ravi kumar, CR, Kumar, P, Surendra, BS, Nagabhushana, H, et al.. Comparative analysis of electrochemical performance and photocatalysis of SiO2 coated CaTiO3:RE3+ (Dy, Sm), Li+ core shell nano structures. Inorg Chem Commun 2021;134:108960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108960.Search in Google Scholar
9. Tejashwini, DM, Harini, HV, Nagaswarupa, HP, Naik, R, D, VV, Basavaraju, N. An in-depth exploration of eco-friendly synthesis methods for metal oxide NPs and their role in photocatalysis for industrial dye degradation. Chem Phys Impact 2023;7:100355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chphi.2023.100355.Search in Google Scholar
10. Bhardwaj, D, Singh, R. Green biomimetic synthesis of Ag-TiO2 nanocomposite using origanummajorana leaf extract under sonication and their biological activities. Bioresour Bioprocess 2021;8:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-020-00357-z.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
11. Martha Ramesh, N. Fe doped NiO NPs for enhanced photo catalytic degradation of azo dye methylene blue in the presence of visible light. SN Appl Sci 2021;3:817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04803-1.Search in Google Scholar
12. Khan, NA, Saeed, K, Khan, I, Gul, T, Sadiq, M, Uddin, A, et al.. Efficient photodegradation of Orange II dye by nickel oxide NPs and nanoclay supported nickel oxide nanocomposite. Appl Water Sci 2022;12:131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-022-01647-x.Search in Google Scholar
13. Rao, MPC, Ramesh, M, Anandan, S, Nagaraja, H. Adsorption and photocatalytic properties of NiO NPs synthesized via a thermal decomposition process. J Mater Res 2018;33:601–10. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2018.30.Search in Google Scholar
14. Gebreegziabher, HG, Yicheneku, YB, Weldegebrieal, GK. Synthesis of NiO NPs using chemical precipitation method for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye. Lett Appl Biosci 2024;13:149.10.33263/LIANBS133.149Search in Google Scholar
15. Davar, F, Fereshteh, Z, Niasari, SM. Synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties of Ni and NiO NPs. J Alloys Compd 2009;476:797.10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.09.121Search in Google Scholar
16. Xin, X, Lü, Z, Zhou, B, Huang, X, Zhu, R, Sha, X, et al.. Effect of synthesis conditions on the performance of weakly agglomerated nanocrystalline NiO. J Alloys Compd 2007;427:251.10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.02.064Search in Google Scholar
17. Ma, MG, Zhu, JF, Jiang, JX, Sun, RC. Hydrothermal–polyol route to synthesis of βNi (OH)2 and NiO in mixed solvents of 1, 4-butanediol and water. Mater Lett 2009;63:1791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2009.05.037.Search in Google Scholar
18. Qiao, H, Wei, Z, Yang, H, Zhu, L, Yan, X. Preparation and characterization of NiO NPs by anodic arc plasma method. J Nanomater 2009:1–5.10.1155/2009/795928Search in Google Scholar
19. Aslani, A, Oroojpour, V, Fallahi, M. Sonochemical synthesis, size controlling and gas sensing properties of NiO NPs. Appl Surf Sci 2011;257:4056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.11.174.Search in Google Scholar
20. Anandan, K, Rajendran, V. Structural, optical and magnetic properties of well-dispersed NiO NPs synthesized by CTAB assisted solvothermal process. Nanosci Nanotechnol Int 2012;2:24.Search in Google Scholar
21. Prabhu, S, Daniel Thangadurai, T, Vijai Bharathy, P, Kalugasalam, P. Synthesis and characterization of nickel oxide NPs using Clitoria ternatea flower extract: photocatalytic dye degradation under sunlight and antibacterial activity applications. Results Chem 2022;4:100285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100285.Search in Google Scholar
22. Abdur Rahman, M, Radhakrishnan, R, Gopalakrishnan, R. Structural, optical, magnetic and antibacterial properties of Nd doped NiO NPs prepared by co-precipitation method. J Alloys Compd 2018;742:421–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.01.298.Search in Google Scholar
23. Horcas, I, Fernández, R, Rodríguez, JMG, Colchero, J, Herrero, JG, Baro, AM. WSXM. A software for scanning probe microscopy and a tool for nanotechnology. Rev Sci Instrum 2007;78:013705. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2432410.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
24. Stępniowski, WJ, Domańska, MM, Norek, M, Czujko, T. Fast fourier transform based arrangement analysis of poorly organized alumina nanopores formed via self-organized anodization in chromic acid. Mater Lett 2014;117:69–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2013.11.099.Search in Google Scholar
25. Nagaraja, HS, Ramesh, M. Effect of current density on morphological, structural and optical properties of porous silicon. Mater Today Chem 2017;3:10–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2016.12.002.Search in Google Scholar
26. Zhang, D, Lv, S, Luo, Z. A study on the photocatalytic degradation performance of a [KNbO3]0.9-[BaNi0.5Nb0.5O3−δ]0.1 perovskite. RSC Adv 2020;10:1275–80. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra07310h.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
27. Sonu, K, Sogani, M, Syed, Z, Dongre, A, Sharma, G. Enhanced decolorization and treatment of textile dye wastewater through adsorption on acid modified corncob derived biochar. Chem Sel 2020;5:12287–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202003156.Search in Google Scholar
28. Revellame, ED, Fortela, DL, Sharp, W, Hernandez, R, Zappi, ME. Adsorption kinetic modeling using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order rate laws: a review. Clean Eng Technol 2020;1:100032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2020.100032.Search in Google Scholar
29. Keselytė, A, Denafos, G, Ha, TH, Lu, MC. Application of Ni-Fe catalyst from fluidized-bed crystallization reactor for treatment of RB-5 azo dye using a Fenton-like system. Process Saf Environ Prot 2025;196:106959.10.1016/j.psep.2025.106959Search in Google Scholar
30. Namazi, F, Nassehinia, H. The efficiency of the visible/H2O2/UV/LaMnO3 nano photocatalytic compound in removing RB-5 (RB-5) dye from aqueous solutions. Heliyon 2025;11:e42307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42307.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
31. Mathiarasu, RR, Manikandan, A, Panneerselvam, K, George, M, Raja, KK, Almessiere, MA, et al.. Photocatalytic degradation of reactive anionic dyes RB-5, RR198 and RY145 via rare earth element (REE) lanthanum substituted CaTiO3 perovskite catalysts. Mater Res Technol 2021;15:5936–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.11.047.Search in Google Scholar
32. Mengelizadeh, N, Ahmadi, N, Balarak, D. Application of response surface methodology in optimizing MOF5@Fe3O4 catalyst for activating peroxymonosulfate in the degradation of RB-5 dye. Water Resour Ind 2025;33:100278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2025.100278.Search in Google Scholar
33. Ma, Z, Cao, H, Lv, F, Yang, Y, Chen, C. Preparation of nZVI embedded modified mesoporous carbon for catalytic persulfate to degradation of RB-5. Front Environ Sci Eng 2021;15:90–8.10.1007/s11783-020-1372-4Search in Google Scholar
34. Zhang, Z. Degradation of the azo dye RB-5 through peroxymonosulfate activation with functional S-doped graphene. Water Treat 2022;252:361–70. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2022.28162.Search in Google Scholar
35. Sarkar, P, Roy, D, Bera, B, De, S, Neogi, S. Enhanced photodegradation of reactive dyes in textile effluent with CoFe2O4g-CN heterostructure-mediated peroxymonosulphate activation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022;29:50566–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18944-2.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
36. Satapanajaru, T, Iam, MY, Prom, PB, Keerati, PP. Decolorization of RB-5 by persulfate oxidation activated by ferrous ion and its optimization. Desalination Water Treat 2015;56:121–35.10.1080/19443994.2014.932710Search in Google Scholar
37. Émerson, FM, Silva, D, Evelle, DC, Oliveira, Ribeiro, ATS, Garcia, RRP, et al.. A brass-mesh structured photoreactor applied in the photocatalytic degradation of RB-5 dye. Chem Eng Process Process Intensif 2022;174:108895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2022.108895.Search in Google Scholar
38. Ximenes, ÉRB, da Silva, ÉFM, de Sales, LBV, Dantas, EJM, Oliveira, EDC, Simões, TB, et al.. Photocatalytic degradation of RB-5 textile dye using immobilized TiO2 in brass structured systems. Catal Today 2022;383:173–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2021.02.006.Search in Google Scholar
© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
