Effects of urine dilution on quantity, size and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals induced in vitro by an oxalate load
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Angela Guerra
Abstract
Increasing urinary volume is an important tool in the prevention of calcium renal stones. However, the mechanism of how it actually works is only partially understood. This study aimed at assessing how urine dilution affects urinary calcium oxalate crystallization. A total of 16 male idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone-formers and 12 normal male subjects were studied and 4 h urine samples were taken twice, under low (undiluted urine) and high hydration conditions (diluted urine). An equal oxalate load (1.3mmol/L) was added to both types of urine and the crystallization parameters were assessed. In both stone-formers and normal subjects, the crystallization processes were significantly (p<0.05 or less) more marked in the undiluted urine than in the diluted urine in terms of: a) total quantity of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals; b) total quantity of crystalline aggregates; and c) aggregation index (i.e., ratio between the area occupied by crystalline aggregates and the area occupied by all the crystals present). The comparison between stone-formers and normal subjects showed that the greatest difference was for the size of COD crystals, which were larger in the urine of the stone-formers. A further important finding was an inverse relationship between changes in urinary volume and in the aggregation index (r=–0.53, p=0.004). In conclusion, urine dilution considerably reduces crystallization phenomena induced in vitro by an oxalate load in both calcium stone-formers and normal subjects.
References
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Articles in the same Issue
- Spectrophotometric determination of urinary iodine by the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction subsequent to dry alkaline ashing. Results from the Czech Republic in the period 1994–2002
- Comparison of iodine contents in gastric cancer and surrounding normal tissues
- Effects of urine dilution on quantity, size and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals induced in vitro by an oxalate load
- Is idiopathic recurrent calcium urolithiasis in males a cellular disease? Laboratory findings in plasma, urine and erythrocytes, emphasizing the absence and presence of stones, oxidative and mineral metabolism: an observational study
- Circulating levels of nitrated apolipoprotein A-I are increased in type 2 diabetic patients
- Apolipoprotein A5 gene polymorphism –1131T→C: association with plasma lipids and type 2 diabetes mellitus with coronary heart disease in Chinese
- A simple method for estimating equilibrium constants for serum testosterone binding resulting in an optimal free testosterone index for use in elderly men
- Standardized quantification of circulating peripheral tumor cells from lung and breast cancer
- Plasma homocysteine and markers for oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease – a prospective randomized study of vitamin supplementation
- Comparison of methods for calculating serum osmolality: multivariate linear regression analysis
- Radioimmunoassay for plasma C-type natriuretic peptide determination: a methodological evaluation
- Evaluation of the Konelab 20XT clinical chemistry analyzer
- A guide to defining the competence required of a consultant in clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine
- Time course of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome
- Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus
- Systematic terminology for specialities and disciplines related to clinical laboratory
