#NEXUS [appendix 1 for Asher RJ. anticipated 2018. Taxonomy, Trees, and Truth in Historical Mammalogy. In Zachos F and Asher RJ. Handbook of Zoology: Mammalia. Berlin: Walter deGruyter.] Begin trees; Translate 1 Ornithorhynchidae, 2 Dasyuromorpha, 3 Didelphimorphia, 4 Diprotodontia, 5 Miocrobiotheria, 6 Notoryctimorpha, 7 Paucituberculata, 8 Peramelia, 9 Bovidae, 10 Felidae, 11 Cetacea, 12 Yangochiroptera, 13 Dermoptera, 14 Hyracoidea, 15 Lagomorpha, 16 Soricidae, 17 Macroscelidea, 18 Equidae, 19 Pholidota, 20 Anthropoidea, 21 Proboscidea, 22 Muroidea, 23 Scandentia, 24 Sirenia, 25 Tenrecidae, 26 Tubulidentata, 27 Folivora, 28 Otarioidea, 29 Tapiridae, 30 Rhinoceratidae, 31 Hippopotamidae, 32 Suiformes, 33 Tylopoda, 34 Canidae, 35 Cingulata, 36 Myrmecophaga, 37 Tarsius, 38 Caviomorpha, 39 Sciuroidea, 40 Talpidae, 41 Erinaceidae, 42 Solenodon, 43 Hystricidae, 44 Strepsirhini, 45 Pteropodidae, 46 Rhinolophoidea, 47 Phocoidea, 48 Cervidae, 49 Lutra, 50 Musteloidea, 51 Homo, 52 Castoridae, 53 Daubentonia, 54 Chrysochloridae, 55 Ursoidea, 56 Macropodidae, 57 Hydrochaeris, 58 Tachyglossidae, 59 Melursus ; tree 'leviticus-501' = [&R] (((9,48),(10,12,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,26,30,32,33,34,39,40,41,43,44,45,50,55),(11,24,28,31,47,49)),51); tree alJahiz850 = [&R] ((9,10,14,18,20,21,30,32,33,34,44,48,55),(11,24,28,31,47,49),(12,45),(15,16,17,19,22,26,39,40,41,43,50),51); tree ray1693 = [&R] (((((((9,48),32),18,(30,31)),((((((10,34),50),15),(20,51)),21),33)),(12,22,27,35,36,40,41)),(28,47)),11); tree linnaeus1735 = [&R] ((3,10,12,28,34,40,41,47,49,50,55),(9,33,48),(15,16,22,39,43,52),(18,21,31,32),(20,27,51)); tree klein1751 = [&R] (((9,32,48),18,21,30,31),((10,(12,22,40),15,16,20,34,39,(41,43)),(27,36),33,(35,38)),(28,47,49,52)); tree brisson1762 = [&R] ((3,((9,48),33),(10,34,49,50,55),(12,44),((15,22,39,43),(16,41)),(18,32),(19,36),(20,45),(21,28),(27,35),(29,31,57),30,40,47),11); tree linnaeus1766 = [&R] (((3,16,32,35,40,41),(10,34,47,50,55),(12,20,44,51),(15,22,30,39,43,52),(19,21,24,27,36)),((9,33,48),(18,31)),11); tree scopoli1777 = [&R] (((((3,10,34,40),(15,16,22,38,39,41,43),(19,35,36)),(12,20,27,44)),((9,33,48),(18,21,29,30,32)),(28,31,47,49,52,57)),11); tree blumenbach1779 = [&R] (((3,16,22,40),(4,15,38),39,50),(9,32,33,48),(10,34,55),11,(12,45),18,(19,35,43),(20,44),(21,29,30,31),(24,28,47,49,52),(27,36),51); tree Storr1780 = [&R] ((((((3,4),(13,20,37,44),51),(((10,34),(49,50)),(12,16,40,55))),((14,15,22,38,39,43,52),(19,27,35,36))),((9,33,48),18,(21,30,31,32))),11,(24,28,47)); tree pennant1781 = [&R] (((3,10,34,50,55),(15,16,22,38,39,40,41,43,52),(19,36),20,(27,35)),((9,21,29,30,31,32,33,48),18),(12,45,46),(24,28,47)); tree lacepede1799 = [&R] ((((3,(53,56)),(16,25,40,41,54,55),(20,37,44)),((9,48),33),((10,34,50),(14,15,22,38,39,43,52),(19,36,58),(26,35),27),18,(21,(29,31,32),30)),(11,(24,(28,47))),(12,13,45)); tree cuvier1800 = [&R] (((((2,3,4),(10,34,(49,50))),((15,22,(38,57),39,43,52,53,56),((19,36,58),26,35))),((((12,45,46),13),((16,54),(25,41),40,55)),(20,(37,44)),51)),((((9,33,48),(14,21,29,30,31,32)),18,27),((11,24),(28,47)))); tree illiger1811 = [&R] ((1,58),(((2,3),4),20,(37,44),53),(9,33,48),(((10,34),(49,50),55),(16,25,40,41,54)),(11,24),((12,45,46),13),(14,21,29,30,31,32),(15,22,(38,57),39,43,52),18,((19,26,36),35),(27,59),(28,47),51,56); tree deblainville1816 = [&R] (((1,58),((2,3),4)),(((((9,48),32),(18,30)),24),((10,(16,41),34),(12,40,47)),(11,(19,36)),((13,27),(20,(44,53))),(15,22,38,39),21)); tree cuvier1817 = [&R] ((1,19,26,35,36),((2,3,4),(10,34),(28,47),(49,50),55),((9,48),33),(11,24),(((12,45,46),13),(16,25,40,41,54)),(((14,29,30,31,32),18),21),((15,38,43,57),(22,39,52,53)),(20,(37,44)),27,51); tree blumenbach1830 = [&R] (((1,24,28),(47,49),52),(9,48),((10,34),(15,22,38,39),(19,27,35,36)),11,(12,45,46),18,(20,37,44),(21,29,30,31,32),51); tree deblainville1834 = [&R] ((1,58),((2,3),4),((((9,48),32),18,30),(((10,34),(28,47)),(((12,45,46),40),(16,17,23,25,41,54))),(11,(19,26,35,36)),((13,27),(20,(37,44,53))),(15,(22,39),(38,57)),(21,24))); tree bonaparte1837 = [&R] (((1,58),(2,3,4)),((9,33,48),((10,34,49,50),55),(11,24),((12,46),45),((13,44),20,51),(14,18,21,(29,30,31,32)),(15,(22,39),38,43,52,53),((16,17,23),(25,41),40),((19,36),(26,35),27),(28,47))); tree wagner1855 = [&R] ((2,3,4,8),(9,33,48),(12,45,46),(13,(16,17,23,25,40,41,42,54)),(14,21,29,30,31,32),18,(19,27,35,36),(20,(37,44))); tree haeckel1866 = [&R] ((1,58),(((2,8),(3,(4,56))),(((((9,48),((11,24),(31,32))),(((18,33),29),30)),(19,(27,35),36)),((((((10,34),(49,50)),(28,47)),(55,59)),(14,21)),((((12,45),13),(((16,40),41),(23,25)),(37,44)),((((15,(38,43)),22),39),53),(20,51)))))); tree owen1868 = [&R] ((1,58),((2,3),4),(((((9,48),(31,32)),(14,18,29,30),21),(((10,34),(28,47)),((13,44),20)),(11,24)),((12,45,46),(16,25,40,41,54),(19,26,35,36),(22,38,39)),51)); tree gill1870 = [&R] ((1,58),((2,3),4),((((9,48),(31,32)),14,(18,29,30),21,24),((((10,34),(28,47)),11),((12,45,46),(16,25,40,41,54))),((13,44),20),(15,(22,38,39)),(19,26,35,36))); tree huxley1872 = [&R] ((1,58),((2,3),4),((((9,18,29,30,31,32,48),11,24),((((10,34),(28,47)),(14,21)),((12,45,46),(16,25,40,41,54),(20,44),(22,38,39)))),(19,26,35,36))); tree flower1883 = [&R] ((1,58),((2,3),4),((((9,48),(31,32),33),14,(18,29,30),21),((10,34),(28,47)),11,((12,46),45),(13,(16,17,23,25,40,41,42,54)),(15,(22,38,39)),(19,26,27,35,36),((20,51),(37,44,53)),24)); tree cope1898 = [&R] ((1,58),(((2,3),4),((((9,31,32,33,48),(18,29,30)),(14,20,44,53),21),(((10,34),(28,47)),((12,46),45),(13,(16,17,23,25,40,41,42,54)),(15,22,38,39),(19,26,27,35,36)),(11,24)))); tree gadow1898 = [&R] ((1,58),((2,3,6,8),((4,56),7)),(((((9,48),33),(31,32)),14,(18,29,30),21),((10,34,(49,50),(55,59)),(28,47)),11,((12,46),45),(13,((16,40),17,23,25,41,42,54)),(15,22,((38,57),43),(39,52)),((19,26),(27,35,36)),((20,51),37,(44,53)),24)); tree weber1904 = [&R] ((1,58),((2,3),4),((((9,48),31,32,33),(18,29,30)),((10,34),(28,47)),11,((12,46),45),13,14,(15,(22,38,39)),((16,25,40,41,42,54),(17,23)),19,(20,(37,44)),21,24,26,(27,35,36))); tree haeckel1905 = [&R] ((1,58),((2,3,4,8,56),((((9,14,18,21,29,30,31,32,33,48),(15,22,38,39,43)),((((10,28,34,47,49,50,55,59),11),(12,45)),(16,23,25,40,41))),((20,51),37,44)))); tree gregory1910 = [&R] ((1,58),((((2,3,5,6,8),7),(4,56)),((((((((9,48),(31,32)),33),(10,((28,47),34,((49,50),(55,59))))),11),(((((12,46),45),13),(17,23),((20,51),(37,(44,53)))),((16,40),((25,54),42),41))),((14,(21,24)),(18,(29,30)),26)),(15,(22,(38,57),39,43,52)),(19,((27,36),35))))); tree osborn1917 = [&R] ((1,58),(((2,4,6,8,56),3,7),((((((9,48),31,32,33),14,(18,29,30),21,26),24),(((10,34,49,50,55,59),(28,47)),11),((((12,45),13),((20,51),(37,44,53))),(16,25,40,41,42,54))),(15,22,38,39,43,52),19,(27,35,36)))); tree winge1921 = [&R] ((1,58),(((((2,6),3),8),(4,56),(5,7)),(((9,14,18,21,24,29,30,31,32,33,48),((10,28,34,47,49,50,55,59),11),((12,46),45),(15,22,38,39,43,52,57),((19,((27,36),35)),26),(20,37,44,51,53)),(13,(((((16,41),((25,42),54)),40),17),23))))); tree cabrera1922 = [&R] ((1,58),(((2,3,5,6,8),(4,56),7),(((((9,48),33),(31,32)),((14,(21,24)),(18,29,30))),((((10,34,(49,50),(55,59)),(28,47)),((((12,46),45),13),(((16,40,41),(25,42)),(17,23),54)),((20,51),37,(44,53))),(15,(22,((38,57),43),(39,52)))),11,(19,26,(27,35,36))))); tree simpson1931 = [&R] ((1,58),(((2,6),(3,5),(4,56),7,8),(((9,48),(31,32),33),((10,(34,(49,50),(55,59))),(28,47)),11,((12,46),45),13,14,(15,(22,((38,57),43),(39,52))),((16,40),(17,23),(25,42),41,54),(18,29,30),(19,((27,36),35)),((20,51),37,(44,53)),21,24,26))); tree romer1945 = [&R] ((1,58),(2,3,4,6,7,8,56),(((((9,48),33),(31,32)),((18,(29,30)),26)),((10,((28,47),((34,(55,59)),(49,50)))),11),(((((12,46),45),13),(16,17,25,40,41,42,54)),(((20,51),(37,(44,53))),23)),(14,(21,24)),(15,(22,((38,57),(39,(43,52))))),(19,(27,35,36)))); tree simpson1945 = [&R] ((1,58),(((2,6),(3,5),(4,56),7,8),(((9,48),(31,32),33),((10,(34,(49,50),(55,59))),(28,47)),11,((12,46),45),13,(14,21,24),(15,((22,(39,52)),((38,57),43))),((16,40),17,(25,42),41,54),(18,(29,30)),19,((20,51),(23,37,(44,53))),26,((27,36),35)))); tree grasse1955 = [&R] ((1,58),(((2,6),(3,5),(4,56),7,8),(((9,33,48),(31,32)),((10,34,(49,50),(55,59)),11,(28,47)),((((12,46),45),13),(15,(22,((38,57),43),(39,52))),(((16,40),(25,42),41),(17,23),54),(19,((27,36),35)),((20,51),37,(44,53))),(((14,24),21),(18,29,30)),26))); tree romer1959 = [&R] ((1,58),(((2,(4,56),6,8),3,7),(((((9,48),33),(31,32)),(18,(29,30))),((10,((34,(55,59)),(49,50))),(28,47)),11,((((12,46),45),13),(((20,51),37),23,(44,53))),(14,(21,24)),15,(16,17,25,40,41,42,54),(19,((27,36),35)),(22,((38,57),(39,(43,52)))),26))); tree mckenna1975 = [&R] ((1,58),((2,3,(4,56),5,6,7,8),((((((9,48),31,32,33),11,(14,(18,29,30)),(21,24),26),(10,(28,47),34,(49,50),(55,59)),(((12,46),45),13,(((20,51),37),(44,53)),23),((16,25,40,42,54),41),19,(22,((38,57),43),39,52)),(15,17)),((27,36),35)))); tree miyamoto1986 = [&R] (((((9,31,32,33,48),11,(18,29,30)),((((((10,(28,47),34,50,55),19),(16,40,41)),23),(12,45)),((15,(22,38,39,43,52)),(20,37,44,51)))),((14,21,24),26)),(27,35,36)); tree novacek1986 = [&R] (((((((((9,48),(31,32),33),((11,(14,(21,24))),(18,(29,30)))),26),((15,(22,(38,57),39,43,52)),17)),((((12,46),45),13),(((20,51),37,(44,53)),23))),(10,(28,47),34,(49,50),(55,59))),(((16,40),25,42,54),41)),(19,(27,35,36))); tree novacek1992 = [&R] ((1,58),((2,3,(4,56),5,6,7,8),((((((9,48),31,32,33),11),((14,(21,24)),(18,(29,30))),26),((10,(28,47),34,(49,50),(55,59)),((((12,46),45),13),(((20,51),37,(44,53)),23)),((15,(22,(38,57),39,43,52)),17),(16,25,40,41,42,54))),(19,(27,35,36))))); tree mckenna1997 = [&R] ((1,58),((((2,((4,56),8),6),5),(3,7)),(((((((9,48),(31,32),33),11),((14,(21,24)),(18,(29,30))),26),((10,(((28,47),(55,59)),34,(49,50))),19),(((12,46),45),(13,(((20,51),37),(44,53))),23),(((16,42),25),(40,41),54)),(15,17,(22,((38,57),43),39,52))),((27,36),35)))); tree shoshani1998 = [&R] ((1,58),((2,3,(4,56),5,6,7,8),(((((((((9,48),31,32,33),11),((14,(21,24)),(18,29,30))),26),((10,(28,47),34,(49,50),(55,59)),19)),(((((12,46),45),13),(((20,51),37,(44,53)),23)),((15,(22,(38,57),39,43,52)),17))),(16,25,40,41,42,54)),((27,36),35)))); tree stanhope1998 = [&R] (1,((3,((4,5),8)),(((((9,48),11),((10,47),(18,30)),(12,45),((16,40),42),19),(((14,(21,24)),(17,26),(25,54)),(27,35)),15,(20,51),41),22,(38,57)))); tree murphy2001 = [&R] ((3,4),(((((((((9,(11,31)),32),33),(((10,34),19),(18,(29,30)))),(12,(45,46))),((16,41),40)),(((13,23),(44,51)),(15,((22,(38,43)),39)))),((27,36),35)),((14,(21,24)),((17,(25,54)),26)))); tree arnason2002 = [&R] ((1,58),(3,(4,56),8),(((((((((((9,(11,31)),(32,33)),(((10,((28,47),34,(49,50),(55,59))),19),(18,30))),(12,45)),(16,40)),((((17,25),26),(21,24)),(35,36))),(15,23)),(((13,(20,51)),44),37)),(38,39)),22),41)); tree asher2003 = [&R] ((3,4),((((((((((((((9,32),(11,31)),33),((18,30),29)),19),(10,34)),(12,45)),((16,40),41)),((((14,(21,24)),((25,54),26)),17),(35,36))),(13,23)),(((20,51),37),44)),15),38),22)); tree kjer2007 = [&R] ((1,58),(((3,(((4,56),5),8)),6),(((((((((((9,48),(11,31)),33),32),((10,(((28,47),(55,59)),34)),(18,(29,30)))),19),((12,46),45)),(16,40)),41),((((13,(20,51)),(37,(44,53))),(15,(22,(38,39)))),23)),(((14,(21,24)),(17,(25,(26,54)))),(35,36))))); tree prothero2007 = [&R] ((1,58),(2,3,(4,56),5,6,7,8),(((((((9,48),33),(31,32)),11),((14,21,24),(18,(29,30))),26),(10,(((28,47),(49,50),(55,59)),34)),(((12,46),45),13,((20,51),(37,(44,53))),23),((15,(22,((38,57),43),39,52)),17),(16,25,40,41,42,54)),(19,((27,36),35)))); tree arnason2008 = [&R] ((2,3,(4,56),7,8),(((((((((9,48),(11,31)),33),32),(((10,((((28,47),(55,59)),(49,50)),34)),19),(18,(29,30)))),((12,46),45)),(((16,40),42),41)),(((13,(20,51)),37,(44,53)),(15,(22,(38,39))),23)),(((14,21),24),(((17,54),26),25)),((27,36),35))); tree meredith2011 = [&R] ((1,58),(((((((2,8),6),(4,56)),5),3),7),((((((((((9,48),(11,31)),32),33),(18,(29,30))),((12,46),45)),((10,((((28,47),(55,59)),(49,50)),34)),19)),(((16,40),41),42)),((13,(((20,51),37),(44,53))),((15,((22,52),(((38,57),43),39))),23))),((((14,21),24),((17,(25,54)),26)),((27,36),35))))); tree mccormack2012 = [&R] (1,(3,((((((9,33),(12,(18,34))),41),((15,(22,38)),(((20,51),37),23))),27),(21,25)))); tree song2012 = [&R] ((3,4),((((((((9,11),32),33),((10,34),18)),(12,45)),(16,41)),((15,(22,(38,39))),((((20,51),37),44),23))),(((14,21),25),(27,35)))); tree tarver2016 = [&R] (1,((3,56),(((((((((9,11),32),33),18),(10,34)),(12,45)),(16,41)),(((15,((22,38),39)),23),(((20,51),37),44))),(((14,21),25),(27,35))))); tree correct2016 = [&R] ((1,58),(((((((2,8),6),(4,56)),5),3),7),((((((((9,48),(11,31)),32),33),((10,((28,47),34,(49,50),(55,59))),19),(12,(45,46)),(18,(29,30))),((16,40,41),42)),(13,(15,(((22,52),((38,57),43)),39)),(((20,51),37),(44,53)),23)),(((14,21,24),((17,(25,54)),26)),((27,36),35))))); End;