Volume 5, Issue 4

In a series of papers it was discussed,on the basis of phenomenological arguments, whether the high frequency quasiperiodic oscillations (kHz QPOs)observed in the neutron-star and black-hole X-ray sources originate in the same physical mechanism. Recently it was suggested that a general trend seen in neutron star kHz QPOs instead excludes such a uniform origin. Using the example of the atoll source 4U 1636-53 we illustrate that this is not neccesarily true.

The geometric phase of a bi-particle model is discussed. One can drive the system to evolve by applying an external magnetic field, thereby controlling the geometric phase. The model has degenerate lowest-energy eigenvectors. The initial state is assumed to be the linear superposition or mixture of the eigenvectors. The relationship between the geometric phase and the structures of the initial state is considered, and the results are extended to a more general model.

A stochastic cellular automaton is developed for modeling waves in excitable media. A scale of key features of excitation waves can be reproduced in the presented framework such as the shape, the propagation velocity, the curvature effect and spontaneous appearance of target patterns. Some well-understood phenomena such as waves originating from a point source, double spiral waves and waves around some obstacles of various geometries are simulated. We point out that unlike the deterministic approaches, the present model captures the curvature effect and the presence of target patterns without permanent excitation. Spontaneous appearance of patterns, which have been observed in a new experimental system and a chemical lens effect, which has been reported recently can also be easily reproduced. In all cases, the presented model results in a fast computer simulation.

In this paper, a new representational model based on dual quaternionic matrices is proposed for classical electromagnetism. After demonstrating the isomorphic matrix representations of dual quaternions, Maxwell’s equations and the constitutive relations for electromagnetism are expressed in terms of dual quaternionic matrices. For this purpose, new 8 × 8 matrices connected with quaternion basis elements have been introduced.

Anomalous quantization of the electromagnetic field allows non-trivial (anti) self-dual configurations to exist in four-dimensional Euclidian space-time. These instanton-like objects are described as massless spinor particles.

By using an ansatz for the eigenfunction, we have obtained the exact analytical solutions of the radial Schrödinger equation for the pseudoharmonic and the Kratzer potentials in two dimensions. The bound-state solutions are easily calculated from this eigenfunction ansatz. The corresponding normalized wavefunctions are also obtained.

A new feature in the spectrum of ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) has been announced in the paper by Berezinsky, Gazizov and Kachelrieβ. The ratio of the solution of the exact transport equation to its solution in the continuous energy loss limit shows intriguing features which, according to the Authors, are related to the very nature of the energy loss processes of UHECR: the very sharp second dip predicted at 6.3 × 1019 eV can be used as an energy calibration point and also as the UHECR mass indicator for big future cosmic ray experiments. In the present paper we would like to advocate that this statement is an overinterpretation. The second dip is a result of an inappropriate approximation used, and thus it cannot help to understand the nature of UHECR in any way.

We report a new dynamic scaling ansatz for systems whose system size is increasing with time. We apply this new hypothesis in the Eden model in two geometries. In strip geometry, we impose the system to increase with a power law, L ∼ h a. In increasing linear clusters, if a < 1/z, where z is the dynamic exponent, the correlation length reaches the whole system, and we find two regimes: the first, where the interface fluctuations initially grow with an exponent β = 0.3, and the second, where a crossover comes out and fluctuations evolve as h aα. If a = 1/z, there is not a crossover and fluctuations keep on growing in a unique regimen with the same exponent β. In particular, in circular geometry, a = 1, we find this kind of regime and in consequence, a unique regime holds.

The Hamiltonian formulation for mechanical systems containing Riemman-Liouville fractional derivatives are investigated in fractional time. The fractional Hamilton’s equations are obtained and two examples are investigated in detail.

In our study, the 1% mol Eu2+ doped Li2CaSiO4: B3+ phosphors were prepared by the combustion method as fluorescent material for ultraviolet, light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) used as a light source. The properties of Li2 (Ca0.99, Eu0.01) SiO4: B3+ phosphors with urea concentration, doping boric acid and a series of initiating combustion temperature were investigated. The crystallization and particle sizes of Li2 (Ca0.99, Eu0.01) SiO4: B3+ has been investigated by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Luminescence measurements showed that the phosphors can be efficiently excited by UV to the visible region, and exhibited bluish green light with a peak of 480 nm. The results showed that the boric acid was effective in improving the luminescence intensity of Li2 (Ca0.99, Eu0.01) SiO4: B3+ and the optimum molar ratio of boric acid to calcium nitrate was about 0.06. The optimized phosphors Li2 (Ca0.99, Eu0.01) SiO4: B0.063+ showed 180% improved emission intensity compared with that of the Li2 (Ca0.99, Eu0.01) SiO4 phosphors under ultraviolet (λex =287 nm) excitation.

The Dirac monopoles in 3-space and their generalization by C.N. Yang to 5-space are observed to be just the Levi-Civita spin connections of the cylindrical Riemannian metric on the 3-and 5-dimensional punctured spaces respectively. Their straightforward generalization to higher dimensions is also investigated.

The high pressure phase transition and elastic behavior of rare earth monoselenides (CeSe, EuSe and LaSe) which crystallize in a NaCl-structure have been investigated using the three body interaction potential (TBIP) approach. These interactions arise due to the electronshell deformation of the overlapping ions in crystals. The TBP model consists of a long range Coulomb, three body interactions and the short range overlap repulsive forces operative up to the second neighboring ions. The authors of this paper estimated the values of the phase transition pressure and the associated volume collapse to be closer than other calculations. Thus, the TBIP approach also promises to predict the phase transition pressure and pressure variations of elastic constants of lanthanide compounds.

The research problem presented in this work concerns modification of the Kedem-Katchalsky (K-K) equation for volume flow (J v) through system (h|M|l), consisting of a membrane M and boundary layers h and l. Such boundary layers appear in the vicinity of the membrane on both sides due to the lack of mixing of solutions. This paper also includes the derivation of the equation for volume flow (J vr) dissipated on concentration boundary layers h and l. The derivation of these equations concerns the case in which the substance transport through the membrane is generated by the osmotic pressure gradient $$\Delta \dot \prod $$ . On the basis of the equations for the volume flows (J v) and (J vr), some calculations for a nephrophane membrane, used in medicine, and for aqueous glucose solutions have been carried out. In order to test the equations for (J v) and (J vr), we have also carried out calculations for the volume flow (J′ v) that is transferred through the membrane in the case of mixed solutions on both sides of the membrane. This volume flux has been calculated on the basis of the original (K-K) equation. The results are presented in Fig. 2.

We have developed a realistic, fully general relativistic computer code to simulate optical projection in a strong, spherically symmetric gravitational field. The standard theoretical analysis of optical projection for an observer in the vicinity of a Schwarzschild black hole is extended to black hole spacetimes with a repulsive cosmological constant, i.e, Schwarzschild-de Sitterspacetimes. Influence of the cosmological constant is investigated for static observers and observers radially free-falling from the static radius. Simulations include effects of the gravitational lensing, multiple images, Doppler and gravitational frequency shift, as well as the intensity amplification. The code generates images of the sky for the static observer and a movie simulations of the changing sky for the radially free-falling observer. Techniques of parallel programming are applied to get a high performance and a fast run of the BHC simulation code.

FA1:Ag+ color center at the low coordination (100) and (110) surface sites of KCl and KBr thin films play an important role in providing tunable laser oscillation and adsorbatesubstrate interactions. Double-well potentials at this site are investigated using ab initio molecular electronic structure calculations. The calculated Stokes shifted (optical transition bands), opticaloptical conversion efficiencies, the probability of orientational destruction, exciton (energy) transfer and Glasner-Tompkins empirical rule suggest that laser light generation is sensitive to (i) the lattice anion, (ii) the coordination number of surface ions, and (iii) the choice of the basis set centered on the anion vacancy. The adsorbate-substrate interactions were found to be dependent on the electronegativity of the adatom and on the lattice anion. Optimised geometries and the coadsorption of CO and (F, Cl, Br, I) on KCl and KBr (100) crystals are presented. Calculated chemisorption energies for CO on the (halogen atom/defect free sites of KCl and KBr (100) crystals) showed that the coadsorption of halogen atom tends to block other adsorbate-substrate interactions at the nearest neighbour sites. Thus if halogen atom coverage increases, the CO prefers to be adsorbed on the K+ site of the KCl and KBr (100) surfaces and on KBr relative to KCl.

Superconductor/ferromagnetic (SC/FM) Y1Ba2Cu3O7−δ /La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (YBCO/LSMO) double layers were prepared on LaAlO3 substrates by magnetron sputtering and their electrical and microwave parameters were investigated at 77 K. In the theoretical plan, simple formulas for estimation of the sensitivity of the SC surface impedance to the concentration changes of normal charge carriers were proposed and the surface resistance R S peculiarities of both SC and FM surfaces were described. Thinner YBCO/LSMO structure was characterized by lower SC parameters and higher surface resistance R S at ∼ 4 GHz. The difference of R S of sample SC surfaces was interpreted as due to a difference between the normal charge carrier densities in these samples. R S of the FM surface was higher than that of the SC surface due to the microwave losses of the magnetic subsystem. A peak of the microwave losses, observed in the thicker double layer, was assumed to be caused by uniform FMR in the LSMO film.