2. Secretaries, Poets, and the Literary Language

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter i
2. Contents v
3. Penn Museum International Research Conferences. Foreword vii
4. Preface ix
5. Contributors xv
6. Note on Transliteration and Referencing xvii
7. Introduction. Persian as Koine: Written Persian in World-historical Perspective 1
8. Part One: Foundations
9. 1. New Persian: Expansion, Standardization, and Inclusivity 70
10. 2. Secretaries, Poets, and the Literary Language 95
11. 3. The Transmission of Persian Texts Compared to the Case of Classical Latin 143
12. Part Two: Spread
13. 4. Persian as a Lingua Franca in the Mongol Empire 160
14. 5. Ottoman Turkish: Written Language and Scribal Practice, 13th to 20th Centuries 171
15. 6. Persian Rhetoric in the Safavid Context: A 16th Century Nurbakhshiyya Treatise on Inshā 196
16. Part Three: Vernacularization and Nationalism
17. 7. Historiography in the Sadduzai Era: Language and Narration 234
18. 8 How Could Urdu Be the Envy of Persian (rashk-i-Fārsi)! 279
19. 9. Urdu Inshā: The Hyderābād Experiment, 1860–1948 311
20. 10. Teaching Persian as an Imperial Language in India and in England during the Late 18th and Early 19th Centuries 328
21. Part Four: The Larger Context
22. 11. The Latinate Tradition as a Point of Reference 360
23. 12 Persian Scribes (munshi) and Chinese Literati (ru) 388
24. Afterword 415
25. Glossary 418
26. Index 424