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Republic of Indians
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NOTESPrologue1. Whenever possible, I have consulted the original sources. Translations are my own unless otherwise noted. Despite personally reveling in the variations of early modern language, for the sake of clarity and so that the Spanish translations and English quotations are all on the same footing in the reader’s mind, I have modernized all English spelling, substituted “and” for “&,” and expanded all abbreviations including the letter thorn, represented as “y.” The only “archaic” forms I have retained are the quirks of capitalization and the italics found in printed books of the time. Titles of documents, when provided and used in the notes, retain their origi-nal spellings. All references to materials housed in the Archivo General de Indias in Seville have been converted to the post- 1929 numbering system according to the guidelines provided in Paul E. Hoffman, “Table for Converting the Legajo Numbers Found on Photostats of the John B. Stetson, Jr., Collection of Documents Relating to the History of Spanish Florida” (unpublished manuscript, Gainesville, FL: [s.n.], 1968). 2. Hening, ed., Statutes, 1: 402; The Richahecrians became better known as the Westos. For more, see Eric E. Bowne, The Westo Indians: Slave Traders of the Early Colonial South (Tuscalo-osa: University of Alabama Press, 2005), 72–75.3. Throughout, my spellings for the names of peoples and places in Tsenacomacoh follow those found in Martin D. Gallivan, The Powhatan Landscape:An Archaeological History of the Algonquian Chesapeake (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2016), xxii.4. For more on Totopotomoy’s motivations, see Hayley Negrin, “Cockacoeske’s Rebel-lion: Nathaniel Bacon, Indigenous Slavery, and Sovereignty in Early Virginia,” William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 80, no. 1 (January 2023): 56; Martha McCartney, “Cockacoeske, Queen of Pamunkey: Diplomat and Suzerain,” in Powhatan’s Mantle: Indians in the Colonial Southeast, ed. Gregory A. Waselkov, Peter H. Wood, and Tom Hatley (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006), 245; For the commemoration, see Frederic W. Gleach, Powhatan’s World and Colonial Virginia: A Conflict of Cultures (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997), 189–190.5. For descriptions and analyses of the Timucua Revolt of 1656, see Alejandra Dubcovsky, Informed Power: Communication in the Early American South (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Uni-versity Press, 2016), 68–96; Jerald T. Milanich, Laboring in the Fields of the Lord: Spanish Mis-sions and Southeastern Indians (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1999), 128, 161–164; John E. Worth, The Timucuan Chiefdoms of Spanish Florida, 2 vols. (Gainesville: Uni-versity Press of Florida, 1998), 2: 38–65; Amy Turner Bushnell, Situado and Sabana: Spain’s Sup-port System for Florida, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 74 (New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1994), 128–133; John H. Hann, Apalachee: The Land Between the Rivers (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1988), 18–23.
© 2024 University of Pennsylvania Press, 3905 Spruce Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112

NOTESPrologue1. Whenever possible, I have consulted the original sources. Translations are my own unless otherwise noted. Despite personally reveling in the variations of early modern language, for the sake of clarity and so that the Spanish translations and English quotations are all on the same footing in the reader’s mind, I have modernized all English spelling, substituted “and” for “&,” and expanded all abbreviations including the letter thorn, represented as “y.” The only “archaic” forms I have retained are the quirks of capitalization and the italics found in printed books of the time. Titles of documents, when provided and used in the notes, retain their origi-nal spellings. All references to materials housed in the Archivo General de Indias in Seville have been converted to the post- 1929 numbering system according to the guidelines provided in Paul E. Hoffman, “Table for Converting the Legajo Numbers Found on Photostats of the John B. Stetson, Jr., Collection of Documents Relating to the History of Spanish Florida” (unpublished manuscript, Gainesville, FL: [s.n.], 1968). 2. Hening, ed., Statutes, 1: 402; The Richahecrians became better known as the Westos. For more, see Eric E. Bowne, The Westo Indians: Slave Traders of the Early Colonial South (Tuscalo-osa: University of Alabama Press, 2005), 72–75.3. Throughout, my spellings for the names of peoples and places in Tsenacomacoh follow those found in Martin D. Gallivan, The Powhatan Landscape:An Archaeological History of the Algonquian Chesapeake (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2016), xxii.4. For more on Totopotomoy’s motivations, see Hayley Negrin, “Cockacoeske’s Rebel-lion: Nathaniel Bacon, Indigenous Slavery, and Sovereignty in Early Virginia,” William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 80, no. 1 (January 2023): 56; Martha McCartney, “Cockacoeske, Queen of Pamunkey: Diplomat and Suzerain,” in Powhatan’s Mantle: Indians in the Colonial Southeast, ed. Gregory A. Waselkov, Peter H. Wood, and Tom Hatley (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006), 245; For the commemoration, see Frederic W. Gleach, Powhatan’s World and Colonial Virginia: A Conflict of Cultures (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997), 189–190.5. For descriptions and analyses of the Timucua Revolt of 1656, see Alejandra Dubcovsky, Informed Power: Communication in the Early American South (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Uni-versity Press, 2016), 68–96; Jerald T. Milanich, Laboring in the Fields of the Lord: Spanish Mis-sions and Southeastern Indians (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1999), 128, 161–164; John E. Worth, The Timucuan Chiefdoms of Spanish Florida, 2 vols. (Gainesville: Uni-versity Press of Florida, 1998), 2: 38–65; Amy Turner Bushnell, Situado and Sabana: Spain’s Sup-port System for Florida, Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 74 (New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1994), 128–133; John H. Hann, Apalachee: The Land Between the Rivers (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1988), 18–23.
© 2024 University of Pennsylvania Press, 3905 Spruce Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter i
  2. CONTENTS vii
  3. Prologue. “A Residencia for the Dead” 1
  4. Chapter 1. Caciques and Kings, 1608–1632 14
  5. Chapter 2. “Poor Indians,” 1633–1673 55
  6. Chapter 3. “Emboldened Indians,” 1674–1678 94
  7. Chapter 4. “Neither Vassals nor Subjects,” 1670–1700 134
  8. Chapter 5. “As the Spaniards Always Have Done,” 1700–1715 172
  9. Epilogue. The Authors of Their Sovereignty 207
  10. List of Abbreviations 217
  11. Notes 219
  12. Index 291
  13. Acknowledgments 303
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https://doi.org/10.9783/9781512826432-009

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter i
  2. CONTENTS vii
  3. Prologue. “A Residencia for the Dead” 1
  4. Chapter 1. Caciques and Kings, 1608–1632 14
  5. Chapter 2. “Poor Indians,” 1633–1673 55
  6. Chapter 3. “Emboldened Indians,” 1674–1678 94
  7. Chapter 4. “Neither Vassals nor Subjects,” 1670–1700 134
  8. Chapter 5. “As the Spaniards Always Have Done,” 1700–1715 172
  9. Epilogue. The Authors of Their Sovereignty 207
  10. List of Abbreviations 217
  11. Notes 219
  12. Index 291
  13. Acknowledgments 303
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