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Civil Rights in Black and Brown
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NotesForeword1. United States Commission on Civil Rights, Texas Advisory Committee, Civil Rights in Texas: Report of Texas Advisory Committee to U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1970); Tom Johnson, “Lingering School Segregation in Texas Condemned in Civil Rights Report,” Dallas Morning News, March 10, 1970, 1.2. For some of the early scholarship on the civil rights movement in Texas, see Conrey Bryson, Dr. Lawrence A. Nixon and the White Primary, Southwestern Studies Monograph 42, (El Paso: Texas Western Press, 1974); Darlene Clark Hine, “The Elusive Ballot: The Black Struggle against the Texas Democratic White Primary, 1932–1945,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 81 (April 1978): 371–392; Darlene Clark Hine, Black Victory: The Rise and Fall of the White Primary(Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1979); Michael Gillette, “The Rise of the NAACP in Texas,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 81 (April 1978): 393–416; Alwyn Barr, Black Texans: A History of Negroes in Texas, 1528–1971 (Austin: Jenkins, 1973), chs. 6 and 7. For one of the first profiles of Heman Marion Sweatt, the plaintiff in the US Supreme Court case that desegregated the University of Texas Law School, see Michael L. Gillette, “Heman Marion Sweatt: Civil Rights Plaintiff,” in Black Leaders: Texans for Their Times, ed. Alwyn Barr and Robert A. Calvert (Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1981), 157–190. For Texas as part of the “Rim South,” see Chandler Davison, “Negro Politics and the Rise of the Civil Rights Movement in Houston, Texas” (Ph.D. diss., Princeton University, 1969), and Davison, Biracial Politics: Conflict and Coalition in the Metropolitan South (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972).3. W. Marvin Dulaney, “Whatever Happened to the Civil Rights Movement in Dallas, Texas?,” Essays on the American Civil Rights Movement, ed. W. Marvin Dulaney and Kathleen Underwood (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1993), 66–98; Jim Schutze, The Ac-commodation: The Politics of Race in an American City (Secaucus, NJ: Citadel, 1986).4. See Martin Kuhlman, “Direct Action at the University of Texas during the Civil Rights Movement, 1960–1965,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 98 (1995): 550–566; Merline Pitre, “Black Houstonians and the ‘Separate But Equal Doctrine’: Carter W. Wesley versus Lulu B. White,” Houston Review 12 (1990): 23–36; Neil G. Sapper, “The Fall of the NAACP in Texas,” Houston Review 7 (Summer 1985): 53–68; Richard B. McCaslin, “Steadfast in His Intent: John W. Hargis and the Integration of the University of Texas at Austin,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 95 ( July 1991): 25–36; Ronald E. Marcello, “The Integration of Intercollegiate Ath-letics in Texas: North Texas State College as a Test Case,” Journal of Sport History 14 (Winter 1987): 286–316. See also the six essays collected under the title “Segregation, Violence, and Civil Rights: Race Relations in Twentieth Century Houston,” in Black Dixie: Afro-Texas History and Culture in Houston, ed. Cary D. Wintz and Howard Beeth, (College Station: Texas A&M Uni-versity Press, 1992), 157–277.5. Perhaps the best attempt to examine the movement in the state is Brian D. Behnken, Fight-
© 2021 University of Texas Press

NotesForeword1. United States Commission on Civil Rights, Texas Advisory Committee, Civil Rights in Texas: Report of Texas Advisory Committee to U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1970); Tom Johnson, “Lingering School Segregation in Texas Condemned in Civil Rights Report,” Dallas Morning News, March 10, 1970, 1.2. For some of the early scholarship on the civil rights movement in Texas, see Conrey Bryson, Dr. Lawrence A. Nixon and the White Primary, Southwestern Studies Monograph 42, (El Paso: Texas Western Press, 1974); Darlene Clark Hine, “The Elusive Ballot: The Black Struggle against the Texas Democratic White Primary, 1932–1945,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 81 (April 1978): 371–392; Darlene Clark Hine, Black Victory: The Rise and Fall of the White Primary(Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1979); Michael Gillette, “The Rise of the NAACP in Texas,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 81 (April 1978): 393–416; Alwyn Barr, Black Texans: A History of Negroes in Texas, 1528–1971 (Austin: Jenkins, 1973), chs. 6 and 7. For one of the first profiles of Heman Marion Sweatt, the plaintiff in the US Supreme Court case that desegregated the University of Texas Law School, see Michael L. Gillette, “Heman Marion Sweatt: Civil Rights Plaintiff,” in Black Leaders: Texans for Their Times, ed. Alwyn Barr and Robert A. Calvert (Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1981), 157–190. For Texas as part of the “Rim South,” see Chandler Davison, “Negro Politics and the Rise of the Civil Rights Movement in Houston, Texas” (Ph.D. diss., Princeton University, 1969), and Davison, Biracial Politics: Conflict and Coalition in the Metropolitan South (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972).3. W. Marvin Dulaney, “Whatever Happened to the Civil Rights Movement in Dallas, Texas?,” Essays on the American Civil Rights Movement, ed. W. Marvin Dulaney and Kathleen Underwood (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1993), 66–98; Jim Schutze, The Ac-commodation: The Politics of Race in an American City (Secaucus, NJ: Citadel, 1986).4. See Martin Kuhlman, “Direct Action at the University of Texas during the Civil Rights Movement, 1960–1965,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 98 (1995): 550–566; Merline Pitre, “Black Houstonians and the ‘Separate But Equal Doctrine’: Carter W. Wesley versus Lulu B. White,” Houston Review 12 (1990): 23–36; Neil G. Sapper, “The Fall of the NAACP in Texas,” Houston Review 7 (Summer 1985): 53–68; Richard B. McCaslin, “Steadfast in His Intent: John W. Hargis and the Integration of the University of Texas at Austin,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 95 ( July 1991): 25–36; Ronald E. Marcello, “The Integration of Intercollegiate Ath-letics in Texas: North Texas State College as a Test Case,” Journal of Sport History 14 (Winter 1987): 286–316. See also the six essays collected under the title “Segregation, Violence, and Civil Rights: Race Relations in Twentieth Century Houston,” in Black Dixie: Afro-Texas History and Culture in Houston, ed. Cary D. Wintz and Howard Beeth, (College Station: Texas A&M Uni-versity Press, 1992), 157–277.5. Perhaps the best attempt to examine the movement in the state is Brian D. Behnken, Fight-
© 2021 University of Texas Press

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter i
  2. Contents v
  3. List of Illustrations ix
  4. Foreword xi
  5. Introduction. Lone Star Civil Rights: Histories, Memories, and Legacies 1
  6. PART I. Violence and Resistance: African Americans in East Texas
  7. 1. Ignored News and Forgotten History: The 1963 Prairie View Student Movement 23
  8. 2. “Plumb Chaos”: Segregation and Integration in Deep East Texas 33
  9. 3. “Something Was Lost”: Segregation, Integration, and Black Memory in the Golden Triangle 53
  10. 4. Texas Time: Racial Violence, Place Making, and Remembering as Resistance in Montgomery County 71
  11. PART II. Survival and Self-Determination: Chicano/a Struggles in South and West Texas
  12. 5. The South-by- Southwest Borderlands’ Chicana/o Uprising: The Brown Berets, Black and Brown Alliances, and the Fight against Police Brutality in West Texas 93
  13. 6. The Long Shadow of Héctor P. García in Corpus Christi 115
  14. 7. “It Was Us against Us”: The Pharr Police Riot of 1971 and the People’s Uprising against El Jefe Político 131
  15. 8. The 1970 Uvalde School Walkout 151
  16. 9. “A Totality of Our Well-Being”: The Creation and Evolution of the Centro de Salud Familiar La Fe in South El Paso 177
  17. PART III. Coalitions and Control: Black and Brown Liberation Struggles in Metropolitan Texas
  18. 10. Contesting White Supremacy in Tarrant County 199
  19. 11. Civil Rights in the “City of Hate”: Black and Brown Organizing against Police Brutality in Dallas 221
  20. 12. Self-Determined Educational Spaces: Forging Race and Gender Power in Houston 245
  21. 13. From Police Brutality to the “United Peoples Party”: San Antonio’s Hybrid SNCC Chapter, the Chicano/a Movement, and Political Change 259
  22. 14. “You Either Support Democracy or You Don’t”: Structural Racism, Segregation, and the Struggle to Bring Single-Member Districts to Austin 287
  23. PART IV. Inside the Civil Rights in Black and Brown Oral History Project
  24. 15. Recovering, Interpreting, and Disseminating the Hidden Histories of Civil Rights in Texas 305
  25. Appendix: Selected Interview Transcripts 325
  26. Acknowledgments 357
  27. Notes 363
  28. Contributors 439
  29. Index 445
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