Manufacturing

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter 1
2. CHAPTER I. Character And Significance of the Problem 11
3. The Scope of the Investigation 11
4. Extent of Trade in Perishable Produce 13
5. Seasonal Fluctuations in Prices of Perishables 16
6. Sectional Fluctuations in Prices of Perishables 18
7. Cost of Getting Perishables From Producers to Consumers 20
8. Losses from Decay of Perishables 24
9. Summary of the Social Costs incident to the Marketing of this Class of Goods 26
10. Causes of the Demand for a Reduction in the Cost of Marketing these Products 26
11. What Has Been Done to improve the Marketing of Perishables 30
12. Statistical Tables 35
13. CHAPTER II. The Present System of Marketing Perishables
14. Outline of the Machinery of the Market 44
15. Complications and Lack of Uniformity in Marketing Operations 48
16. Cost-factors of the Middleman System 56
17. Distinction between the Middleman Machinery and its Operators 72
18. Tables of Transportation Rates 74
19. CHAPTER III. Why the System is a Burden to Society
20. Reasons for Wide Fluctuations in Prices in Each Market 76
21. The Fundamental Economic Forces which Regulate Prices 76
22. How these Forces Regulate the Prices of Perishables 83
23. Sectional Margins in Prices: Causes 89
24. Causes of Losses from Deterioration 91
25. Causes for Wide Margins Between Farm Prices and Consumers' Prices 97
26. Summary of Factors to be Dealt With in Reducing the Social Costs of Marketing Perishables 101
27. Chapter IV. Reform of the Marketing Processes or Machinery
28. Suggested Programs of Reform 103
29. Limitations of Direct Marketing 105
30. Finding Consumers 105
31. Transferring the goods to Consumers 115
32. Economic Value of Marketing Machinery for Perishables 116
33. Reduction of the Cost of Marketing through Simplification of the Processes 118
34. Sales by Producers 118
35. Sales by Professional Shippers 123
36. Purchases by Retailers 125
37. Simplification of Marketing Processes through Cooperation and Municipal Markets 127
38. Farmers' Cooperative Marketing Associations 127
39. Consumers' Cooperative Stores 128
40. Municipal Markets 129
41. Summary 129
42. Chapter V. Reduction of Costs of Performing the Marketing Processes
43. Through Government Market Departments or Bureaus 131
44. Standardization of Grades and Packages 132
45. Elimination of Unfair Business Practices 135
46. Organizing Market Information 138
47. Regulation of Transportation, Refrigeration and Terminal Facilities 143
48. Investigative and Educational Work 145
49. Getting Efficient Market Departments 148
50. Reduction of the Costs Through Cooperative Associations 150
51. Reduction of Costs through Competition 157
52. Among Shippers 157
53. In the Wholesale Trade 158
54. In the Retail Trade 159
55. Chapter VI. Reduction of the Burdens of Marketing by Changing the Nature of the Goods and Area of Production
56. Reduction of the Perishability of the Goods 164
57. Cold-storage 165
58. Manufacturing 168
59. Producing Hardier Varieties 169
60. Reduction of Seasonal Production 170
61. Development of Varieties which have a Long Season of Harvesting 170
62. Widening the Area of Production for Different Goods 171
63. Development of Centralized Producing Sections 171
64. APPENDIX
65. A. The National Law for the Standardization of Apple Grades and Containers 175
66. B. Market Information of Peach Movement for One Day as given out by the Office of Markets of the U. S. Department of Agriculture 177