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CHAPTER IV. CHROMOSOME REDUCTION AND THE GENESIS OF GAMETES

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Genetics and Eugenics
This chapter is in the book Genetics and Eugenics

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter i
  2. PREFACE v
  3. CONTENTS ix
  4. INTRODUCTION 3
  5. PART I. THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF GENETICS
  6. CHAPTER I. THE PLACE OF LIFE IN THE UNIVERSE 7
  7. CHAPTER II. CHROMATIN, THE DIRECTING AGENCY OF LIFE AND THE MATERIAL BASIS OF HEREDITY 14
  8. CHAPTER III. REPRODUCTION, ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL; PARTHENOGENESIS 20
  9. CHAPTER IV. CHROMOSOME REDUCTION AND THE GENESIS OF GAMETES 29
  10. CHAPTER V. HAPLOID, DIPLOID, TRIPLOID, AND TETRAPLOID ORGANISMS. CHROMOSOMES AND SEX. CHROMOSOMES IN RELATION TO PARTHENOGENESIS 32
  11. CHAPTER VI. RELATION OF GENETICS TO THE EVOLUTION THEORY 44
  12. PART II. THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF GENETICS
  13. CHAPTER VII. DARWIN'S THEORY OF EVOLUTION AND ITS EVIDENCES 49
  14. CHAPTER VIII. CONTRIBUTIONS OF LAMARCK, WEISMANN, AND HERBERT SPENCER TO THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION; DARWIN’S THEORY OF PANGENESIS 60
  15. CHAPTER IX. ARE ACQUIRED CHARACTERS INHERITED ? 70
  16. CHAPTER X. WEISMANN’S THEORY OF HEREDITY 91
  17. CHAPTER XI. ATTEMPTS TO CLASSIFY AND MEASURE VARIATION: BIOMETRY 99
  18. CHAPTER XII. THE MUTATION THEORY OF DE VRIES AND THE MODERN MUTATION THEORY 117
  19. CHAPTER XIII. THE PIONEER PLANT HYBRIDIZERS: THE DISCOVERY AND REDISCOVERY OF MENDEL'S LAW 127
  20. PART III. THE ESSENTIAL FACTS OF GENETICS
  21. CHAPTER XIV. MENDEL’S LAW OF HEREDITY ILLUSTRATED IN ANIMAL BREEDING 135
  22. CHAPTER XV. SOME MENDELIAN TERMS AND THEIR USES 145
  23. CHAPTER XVI. CALCULATING MENDELIAN EXPECTATIONS 151
  24. CHAPTER XVII. MODIFIED MENDELIAN RATIOS; HETEROZYGOUS CHARACTERS; ATAVISM OR REVERSION 156
  25. CHAPTER XVIII. THE UNIT-CHARACTERS OF RODENTS 171
  26. CHAPTER XIX. UNIT-CHARACTERS IN CATTLE AND HORSES 182
  27. CHAPTER XX. UNIT-CHARACTERS IN SWINE, SHEEP, DOGS, AND CATS 191
  28. CHAPTER XXI. UNIT-CHARACTERS IN POULTRY AND IN PLANTS 200
  29. CHAPTER XXII. UNIT-CHARACTERS OF INSECTS 210
  30. CHAPTER XXIII. SEX-LINKED AND OTHER KINDS OF LINKED INHERITANCE IN DROSOPHILA 217
  31. CHAPTER XXIV. DROSOPHILA TYPE AND POULTRY TYPE OF SEX-LINKED INHERITANCE 222
  32. CHAPTER XXV. LINKAGE 225
  33. CHAPTER XXVI. UNIT-CHARACTERS AND SELECTION; MODIFYING FACTORS AND MULTIPLE ALLELOMORPHS 236
  34. CHAPTER XXVII. THE ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF MUTATIONS; THE PURE LINE PRINCIPLE 246
  35. CHAPTER XXVIII. INHERITANCE OF SIZE AND OTHER QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS. THE HYPOTHESIS OF MULTIPLE FACTORS 250
  36. CHAPTER XXIX. GENETIC CHANGES AND THE CHROMOSOMES 263
  37. CHAPTER XXX. GENETIC CHANGES IN ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PARTHENOGENESIS, AND IN SELF-FERTILIZATION 268
  38. CHAPTER XXXI. GENETIC CHANGES IN BISEXUAL REPRODUCTION 278
  39. CHAPTER XXXII. INBREEDING AND CROSSBREEDING 286
  40. CHAPTER XXXIII. HYBRID VIGOR OR HETEROSIS 301
  41. CHAPTER XXXIV. GALTON’S LAW OF ANCESTRAL HEREDITY AND HIS PRINCIPLE OF REGRESSION 305
  42. CHAPTER XXXV. SEX DETERMINATION, SEX MOSAICS AND SEX HORMONES 307
  43. CHAPTER XXXVI. PRINCIPLES OF PLANT BREEDING 315
  44. CHAPTER XXXVII. PRINCIPLES OF LIVE STOCK IMPROVEMENT 321
  45. CHAPTER XXXVIII. THE RELATION OF MENDELISM TO MUTATION AND EVOLUTION 328
  46. PART IV. EUGENICS
  47. CHAPTER XXXIX. HUMAN CROSSES 335
  48. CHAPTER XL. HUMAN HEREDITY IN GENERAL 342
  49. CHAPTER XLI. PHYSICAL INHERITANCE 347
  50. CHAPTER XLII. HEREDITY OF GENERAL MENTAL ABILITY, INSANITY, EPILEPSY, AND FEEBLE-MINDEDNESS 373
  51. CHAPTER XLIII. THE POSSIBILITY AND PROSPECTS OF BREEDING A BETTER HUMAN RACE 388
  52. BIBLIOGRAPHY I. (1920) 407
  53. BIBLIOGRAPHY II. (1920–1924) 442
  54. BIBLIOGRAPHY III. 458
  55. INDEX 469
https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674493643.c5

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter i
  2. PREFACE v
  3. CONTENTS ix
  4. INTRODUCTION 3
  5. PART I. THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF GENETICS
  6. CHAPTER I. THE PLACE OF LIFE IN THE UNIVERSE 7
  7. CHAPTER II. CHROMATIN, THE DIRECTING AGENCY OF LIFE AND THE MATERIAL BASIS OF HEREDITY 14
  8. CHAPTER III. REPRODUCTION, ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL; PARTHENOGENESIS 20
  9. CHAPTER IV. CHROMOSOME REDUCTION AND THE GENESIS OF GAMETES 29
  10. CHAPTER V. HAPLOID, DIPLOID, TRIPLOID, AND TETRAPLOID ORGANISMS. CHROMOSOMES AND SEX. CHROMOSOMES IN RELATION TO PARTHENOGENESIS 32
  11. CHAPTER VI. RELATION OF GENETICS TO THE EVOLUTION THEORY 44
  12. PART II. THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF GENETICS
  13. CHAPTER VII. DARWIN'S THEORY OF EVOLUTION AND ITS EVIDENCES 49
  14. CHAPTER VIII. CONTRIBUTIONS OF LAMARCK, WEISMANN, AND HERBERT SPENCER TO THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION; DARWIN’S THEORY OF PANGENESIS 60
  15. CHAPTER IX. ARE ACQUIRED CHARACTERS INHERITED ? 70
  16. CHAPTER X. WEISMANN’S THEORY OF HEREDITY 91
  17. CHAPTER XI. ATTEMPTS TO CLASSIFY AND MEASURE VARIATION: BIOMETRY 99
  18. CHAPTER XII. THE MUTATION THEORY OF DE VRIES AND THE MODERN MUTATION THEORY 117
  19. CHAPTER XIII. THE PIONEER PLANT HYBRIDIZERS: THE DISCOVERY AND REDISCOVERY OF MENDEL'S LAW 127
  20. PART III. THE ESSENTIAL FACTS OF GENETICS
  21. CHAPTER XIV. MENDEL’S LAW OF HEREDITY ILLUSTRATED IN ANIMAL BREEDING 135
  22. CHAPTER XV. SOME MENDELIAN TERMS AND THEIR USES 145
  23. CHAPTER XVI. CALCULATING MENDELIAN EXPECTATIONS 151
  24. CHAPTER XVII. MODIFIED MENDELIAN RATIOS; HETEROZYGOUS CHARACTERS; ATAVISM OR REVERSION 156
  25. CHAPTER XVIII. THE UNIT-CHARACTERS OF RODENTS 171
  26. CHAPTER XIX. UNIT-CHARACTERS IN CATTLE AND HORSES 182
  27. CHAPTER XX. UNIT-CHARACTERS IN SWINE, SHEEP, DOGS, AND CATS 191
  28. CHAPTER XXI. UNIT-CHARACTERS IN POULTRY AND IN PLANTS 200
  29. CHAPTER XXII. UNIT-CHARACTERS OF INSECTS 210
  30. CHAPTER XXIII. SEX-LINKED AND OTHER KINDS OF LINKED INHERITANCE IN DROSOPHILA 217
  31. CHAPTER XXIV. DROSOPHILA TYPE AND POULTRY TYPE OF SEX-LINKED INHERITANCE 222
  32. CHAPTER XXV. LINKAGE 225
  33. CHAPTER XXVI. UNIT-CHARACTERS AND SELECTION; MODIFYING FACTORS AND MULTIPLE ALLELOMORPHS 236
  34. CHAPTER XXVII. THE ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF MUTATIONS; THE PURE LINE PRINCIPLE 246
  35. CHAPTER XXVIII. INHERITANCE OF SIZE AND OTHER QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS. THE HYPOTHESIS OF MULTIPLE FACTORS 250
  36. CHAPTER XXIX. GENETIC CHANGES AND THE CHROMOSOMES 263
  37. CHAPTER XXX. GENETIC CHANGES IN ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PARTHENOGENESIS, AND IN SELF-FERTILIZATION 268
  38. CHAPTER XXXI. GENETIC CHANGES IN BISEXUAL REPRODUCTION 278
  39. CHAPTER XXXII. INBREEDING AND CROSSBREEDING 286
  40. CHAPTER XXXIII. HYBRID VIGOR OR HETEROSIS 301
  41. CHAPTER XXXIV. GALTON’S LAW OF ANCESTRAL HEREDITY AND HIS PRINCIPLE OF REGRESSION 305
  42. CHAPTER XXXV. SEX DETERMINATION, SEX MOSAICS AND SEX HORMONES 307
  43. CHAPTER XXXVI. PRINCIPLES OF PLANT BREEDING 315
  44. CHAPTER XXXVII. PRINCIPLES OF LIVE STOCK IMPROVEMENT 321
  45. CHAPTER XXXVIII. THE RELATION OF MENDELISM TO MUTATION AND EVOLUTION 328
  46. PART IV. EUGENICS
  47. CHAPTER XXXIX. HUMAN CROSSES 335
  48. CHAPTER XL. HUMAN HEREDITY IN GENERAL 342
  49. CHAPTER XLI. PHYSICAL INHERITANCE 347
  50. CHAPTER XLII. HEREDITY OF GENERAL MENTAL ABILITY, INSANITY, EPILEPSY, AND FEEBLE-MINDEDNESS 373
  51. CHAPTER XLIII. THE POSSIBILITY AND PROSPECTS OF BREEDING A BETTER HUMAN RACE 388
  52. BIBLIOGRAPHY I. (1920) 407
  53. BIBLIOGRAPHY II. (1920–1924) 442
  54. BIBLIOGRAPHY III. 458
  55. INDEX 469
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