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Removal of Lead From Aqueous Media Using Carbonized and Acid Treated Orange Peel

  • Jasmin Shah , M. Rasul Jan and Atta ul Haq
Published/Copyright: May 1, 2013
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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 51 Issue 3

Abstract

A low cost and environment-friendly agriculture waste material, orange peel, was investigated for the removal and accumulation of Pb(II) from water and wastewater. Orange peel treated with acid (AOP) as well as converted into carbon (COP) and the effect of various parameters on biosorption of Pb(II) on AOP and COP was studied. The biosorption of Pb(II) was found to be pH dependant in both cases and maximum biosorption of Pb(II) (100 %) on AOP was achieved at pH 6 and 60 min shaking time while using COP the maximum biosorption (100 %) was obtained at pH 5.5 and 80 min contact time. The monolayer biosorption capacities of AOP and COP were found to be 1 040 mg g−1 and 993 mg g−1 using Langmuir isotherm at room temperature respectively. Similarly Freundlich empirical constants, KF and n obtained for Pb(II) on AOP and on COP were 0.453 L g−1, 1.90 and 0.334 L g−1, 2.51 respectively. For the kinetic study of biosorption of Pb(II) on AOP and COP pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order intraparticle diffusion and Elovich models were applied. The data showed that pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.9820) was the best choice among the kinetic models for description of biosorption of lead on AOP and COP. Thermodynamic parameters, the change of free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) of Pb(II) biosorption on AOP and COP were calculated and showed spontaneous endothermic behaviour of Pb(II) biosorption. The effect of interfering ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+) were also studied on biosorption of Pb(II) on AOP and COP. The concentration of HNO3 solutions were optimized for recovery of Pb(II) after biosorption.

Kurzfassung

Es wurde die Entfernung oder Aufkonzentrierung von Blei aus Wasser oder Abwasser mit Orangenschalen (orange peel = OP), einem preiswerten und umweltfreundlichen Abfall aus der Landwirtschaft, untersucht. Es wurden mit Säure behandelte (AOP) als auch verkohle Orangenschalen (COP) und der Einfluss verschiedener Parameter auf die Biosorption von Pb(II) auf AOP und COP studiert. Die Biosorption von Pb(II) war in beiden Fällen pH-abhängig. Die maximale Biosorption von Pb(II) (100 %) an AOP wurde bei einem pH-Wert von 6 nach 60-minütigem Schütteln erreicht; während sie sich an COP bei pH 5,5 nach 80 Minuten einstellte. Die Biosorptionskapazität für die Monolage betrug für AOP 1 040 mg g−1 und für COP 993 mg g−1 bei Anwendung der Langmuir-Isotherme bei 25 °C. Entsprechend erhielt man für die empirischen Freundlich-Konstanten KF und n für die Adsorption von Pb(II) an AOP 0,453 L g−1 und 1,90 bzw. an COP 0,334 L g−1 und 2,51. Bei der kinetischen Untersuchung der Biosorption von Pb(II) an AOP und COP wurden das Intrapartikel-Diffusionsmodell mit Pseudo-Erster- und Pseudo-Zweiter-Ordnung und das Elovich-Modell angewendet. Das Diffusionsmodell Pseudo-Zweiter- Ordnung lieferte die besten Resultate für die Beschreibung der Biosorption von Pb(II) an AOP und COP (R2 = 0.9820). Die thermodynamischen Parameter ΔG°, ΔH° und ΔS° für die Biosorption von Pb(II) an AOP und COP wurden berechnet; es konnte eine spontanes endothermes Verhalten für die Biosorption bestimmt werden. Des Weiteren wurde der Einfluss von Störionen (Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+) auf die Biosorption von Pb(II) auf AOP und COP untersucht. Die Konzentration der HNO3-Lösungen für die Rückgewinnung von Pb(II) nach der Biosorption wurde optimiert.

Key words: Agriculture waste; orange peel; biosorption; equilibrium; kinetic; thermodynamics
Stichwörter: landwirtschaftlicher Abfall; Orangenschale; Biosorption; Gleichgewicht; Kinetik; Thermodynamik
* Correspondence address Mrs. Prof. Jasmin Shah, Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan, Tel./Fax: 92-91-9 21 66 52, E-Mail:

Professor Jasmin Shah, PhD: Professor of Analytical Chemistry in the Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar. Actively involved in method development for different types of organic and inorganic species.

Professor Muhammad Rasul Jan: Professor of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry. Supervised 19 PhD and about 50 master students.

Mr. Atta ul Haq: A PhD scholar working under the supervion of Professor Rasul Jan and Professor Jasmin Shah.

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Received: 2013-09-12
Revised: 2014-03-11
Published Online: 2013-05-01
Published in Print: 2014-05-15

© 2014, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich

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https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110304
Keywords for this article
Agriculture waste; orange peel; biosorption; equilibrium; kinetic; thermodynamics

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Abstracts
  4. Abstracts
  5. Review Article
  6. Arginine Based Novel Cationic Surfactants: A Review
  7. Application
  8. Selection of Surfactants on the Basis of Foam and Emulsion Properties to Obtain the Fire Fighting Foam and the Degreasing Agent
  9. Negative Synergistic Effect on Foaming in Body Care Products with Silicone Oil and the Needle-Like Crystal of Ethylene Glycol Distearate
  10. Technical Chemistry
  11. Wetting Ability in Aqueous Mixtures of Amine Oxide with Anionic and Nonionic Surfactants
  12. Environmental Chemistry
  13. Validation of an HPLC Method for Determining log Pow Values of Surfactants
  14. Removal of Lead From Aqueous Media Using Carbonized and Acid Treated Orange Peel
  15. Corrosion and Scale Inhibition Properties by Phosphate-free and Nitrogen-free Scale Inhibitor in Cooling Water System
  16. Preparation and Application of Fluorescent-tagged Inhibitor for Calcium Phosphate and Iron(III) Hydroxide Scales in Industrial Cooling Water Systems
  17. Novel Surfactants
  18. Effect of Tuned Head Polarity of Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide on their Physicochemical Properties
  19. Physical Chemistry
  20. Aggregation Behavior of PEO-PPO-PEO Tri-Block Copolymer (Pluronic®L64) in Nonionic Surfactant Additives Environment
  21. Surfactant Processing
  22. Solidification of Surfactants and Detergents to Dust-Free Free Flowing Pastilles
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