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Comparison of Standards for Testing Electrical Dishwashers or Dishwashing Detergents

  • A.-K. Brückner , R. Stamminger and S. Bornkessel
Published/Copyright: April 5, 2013
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Tenside Surfactants Detergents
From the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents Volume 47 Issue 5

Abstract

This study presents an overview of four international test standards for domestic dishwashers or dishwashing detergents: the European (EN 50242), the North American (AHAM), the Australian (AS/NZS) and IKW standard. All four standards were used to test five different dishwashers and two kinds of dishwashing detergents under standardised laboratory conditions to see if they deliver comparable results. Furthermore the practicability and selectivity of the different soiling and evaluation procedures were assessed. Additionally to a general comparison of the four standards, the focus lay on the soil egg yolk. The study shows that the general ranking between the dishwashers is similar, but the cleaning results of the individual soils and the performance levels differ a lot. Only the IKW soils are suitable to make a clear distinction between the detergents. Whereas the machines can be – more or less – distinguished with all standards except AS/NZS standard. Possible reasons for the varying results can be found in the different amounts of soil, the preparation methods or the cleaning performance evaluation, which shows the importance of designing accurate testing procedures for dishwashing.

Kurzfassung

In dieser Studie wird ein Überblick über vier internationale Normen zum Test von Haushaltsgeschirrspülmaschinen gegeben: die Europäische Norm (EN 50242), die Nordamerikanische Norm (AHAM), die Australische Norm (AS/NZS) und die IKW-Methode. Mit jeder der vier Normen wurden fünf verschiedene Geschirrspülmaschinen und zwei unterschiedliche Reiniger unter standardisierten Laborbedingungen getestet, um zu prüfen, ob vergleichbare Resultate erzielt werden können. Auch die Anwendbarkeit und Selektivität der verschiedenen Anschmutzungen und Bewertungsmethoden wurden analysiert. Zusätzlich zu einem generellen Vergleich der vier Normen, liegt ein Schwerpunkt auf der Anschmutzung Eigelb, da diese in allen betrachteten Normen vorkommt. Vergleicht man die Ergebnisse der Maschinen unter Anwendung einer der Prüfnorm untereinander, zeigt sich, dass die Rangfolge der Maschinen vergleichbar ist. Hinsichtlich der einzelnen Anschmutzungen und der Maschinenbewertungen sind jedoch Unterschiede zu erkennen. Während sich die Maschinen – mit Ausnahme der australischen Prüfnorm – mehr oder weniger gut unterscheiden lassen, zeigen nur die Anschmutzungen der IKW Methode klare Unterschiede zwischen den Reinigern. Ursachen für die unterschiedlichen Ergebnisse sind die quantitativ als auch qualitativ unterschiedlichen Anschmutzungen, deren Herstellungsbedingungen und die verschiedenen Evaluationsmethoden. Anhand der gewonnenen Ergebnisse wird die Bedeutung von präzise und sorgfältig formulierten Prüfvorschriften zur Gebrauchstauglichkeitsanalyse am Beispiel von Geschirrspülmaschinen deutlich.

Key words:: Test standards; domestic dishwashers; dishwashing detergents; evaluation; soiling
Stichwörter:: Testnormen; Haushaltsgeschirrspülmaschinen; Maschinengeschirrspülmittel; Bewertung; Anschmutzung
∗ Dipl. oec. troph. Anna Brückner, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Household and Appliance Technology Section, Nussallee 5, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Tel.: 0228/7365955. E-Mail:

Prof. Dr. Rainer Stamminger. After 17 years of practical experience in the development of washing machines and dishwasher with AEG Hausgeräte, Germany Rainer Stamminger was promoted in 2002 as professor for appliance and process engineering at University of Bonn. Main areas of research at University are consumer behaviour of homework with and without using appliances, new products or features, smart appliances, robots for household application and questions of sustainability of housekeeping.

Dipl. oec. troph. Anna Brückner studied nutritional science and home economics from 2002 to 2007 at the University of Bonn. In her diploma thesis she analysed the washing behaviour of 100 German households in an in-home study. Since 2007 she has been working as a scientific assistant in the household and appliance technology section of the University of Bonn. In her PhD thesis she examines standardisation processes of dishwashers and dishwashing detergents and works on improvements and further developments of dishwashing standards.

Dipl. oec. troph Sabine Bornkessel studied nutrional science and home economics from 2004 to 2009 at the University of Bonn. In her diploma thesis, she analysed the differences between various standards for dishwashers. Subsequently she worked as a scientific assistant in the Household and Appliance Technology Section of the University of Bonn and assisted in the work of optimization in the hand dishwashing process.

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Received: 2009-12-01
Published Online: 2013-04-05
Published in Print: 2010-09-01

© 2010, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich

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https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110086
Keywords for this article
Test standards; domestic dishwashers; dishwashing detergents; evaluation; soiling

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Contents/Inhalt
  2. Contents
  3. Abstracts
  4. Abstracts
  5. Environmental/Technical Chemistry
  6. Alkyl Polyglycoside-Sorbitan Ester Formulations for Improved Oil Recovery
  7. Novel Surfactants
  8. Photosynthesis-inhibiting Effects of Cationic Biodegradable Gemini Surfactants
  9. Synthesis and Characterization of a New Cationic Galactolipid with Carbamate for Gene Delivery
  10. Physical Chemistry
  11. Dynamics of Formation of Vesicles Studied by Highly Time-resolved Stopped-flow Experiments
  12. Ion Extractant as Cosurfactant at the Water-Oil Interface in Microemulsions
  13. Microemulsions with Mixed Nonionic Surfactants and Isopropylmyristate
  14. Micellization and Interfacial Behaviour of Amitriptyline-Nonionic Surfactant Systems in Aqueous Medium
  15. Synthesis
  16. Ordered Ferrocene-containing Mesoporous Materials with Tailor-made Pore Size
  17. Cleaning Technology
  18. Comparison of Standards for Testing Electrical Dishwashers or Dishwashing Detergents
  19. Manual Dishwashing – How can it be Optimized?
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