Cleanability of Plastic Flooring Materials Related to their Surface Properties
-
E. Pesonen-Leinonen
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of contact angle measurement in evaluating soilability and cleanability of 11 different surfaces of flooring materials. The surface properties were examined using an expanding contact angle technique and the cleanability was evaluated colorimetrically. The values of advancing contact angles θA were related to the soil residues on particle-soiled surfaces and oil-soiled surfaces. The results indicate the potential of contact angle measurements to evaluate cleanability of flooring materials.
Kurzfassung
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Durchführbarkeit von Kontaktwinkelmessungen für die Auswertung der Reinigungs- und Verschmutzungsmöglichkeiten 11 verschiedener Oberflächen von Bodenbelagsmaterialien zu prüfen. Die Oberflächeneigenschaften wurden mit einer erweiterten Kontaktwinkeltechnik überprüft und die Reinigungsmöglichkeit kolorimetrisch ausgewertet. Die Werte steigender Kontaktwinkel θA wurden auf die Schmutzreste der partikel- und ölbeschmutzten Oberflächen bezogen. Die Resultate zeigen die Leistungsfähigkeit von Kontaktwinkelmessungen zur Auswertung der Reinigungsmöglichkeiten von Bodenbelägen auf.
References
1. Taylor, J. and Holah, J. A.: comparative evaluation with respect to the bacterial cleanability of a range of wall and floor surface materials used in food surface industry. Journal of Applied Bacteriology81(3) (1996) 262–266.10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb04327.xSearch in Google Scholar
2. Mettler, E. and Carpentier, B.: Hygienic quality of floors in relation to surface texture. Food and bioproducts processing77(C2) (1999) 90–96.10.1205/096030899532376Search in Google Scholar
3. Garvens, H. and Kruessmann, H.: Estimation of cleaning costs of resilient flooring by surface energy measurement. In: Proceedings The 2nd International Congress on Professional Cleaning (1997) Helsinki, p. 106–113.Search in Google Scholar
4. Pesonen-Leinonen, E., Redsven, I., Kuisma, R., Hautala, M. and Sjöberg, A.-M.: Cleaning efficiencies of mop cloths on floor coverings. Tenside Surfactants Detergents40(2) (2003) 80–86.Search in Google Scholar
5. Martens, D.: Power requirements in hard surface cleaning. In: the Proceedings of the 40th International Detergency Conference, wfk (2001) Strasbourg, p.143–150.Search in Google Scholar
6. Nilsen, S., Dahl, I., Jørgensen, O. and Schneider, T.: Micro-fibre and ultra-micro fibre cloths, their physical characteristics, cleaning effect, abrasion on surfaces, friction, and wear resistance. Building and Environment37 (2002)1373–1378.10.1016/S0360-1323(01)00125-1Search in Google Scholar
7. Schroeder, D., Liko, H. and Kruessmann, H.: Characterisation of the Mechanical Impact of cleanitn utilities in hard surface cleaning. In: Proceedings, 40th International Detergency Conference. wfk (2001) Strasbourg, p. 301.Search in Google Scholar
8. Garbassi, F., Morra, M. and Occhiello, E.: Polymer surfaces. From Physics to Technology (1995) John Wiley & Sons Ltd. p. 462.Search in Google Scholar
9. Adamson, A. and Gast, A.: Physical Chemistry of Surfaces. Sixth edition (1997) John Wiley & Sons Inc. p.784.10.1149/1.2133374Search in Google Scholar
10. Dalet, P., Papon, E. and Villenave, J. J.: Surface free energy of polymeric materials: relevancy of conventional contact angle data analyses. Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology13 (8) (1999) 857–870.10.1163/156856199X00712Search in Google Scholar
11. Chang, W.-R.: 1999. The effect of surface roughness on the measurement of slip resistance InternationalJournal of Industrial Ergonomics24(3) (1999) 299–313.Search in Google Scholar
12. Della, Volpe C., Penati, A., Siboni, S., Peruzzi, R., Toniolo, L. and Colombo, C.: The combined effect of roughness and heterogeneity on contact angles: the case of polymer coating for stone protection. Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology14 (2) (2000) 273–299.Search in Google Scholar
13. EN 14565.Resilient floor coverings–Floor coverings based upon synthetic thermoplastic polymers–Specification. p. 20.Search in Google Scholar
14. Redsven, I., Kuisma, R., Laitala, L., Pesonen-Leinonen, E., Mahlberg, R., KymäläinenH.-R., HautalaM. and SjöbergA.-M.: Application of a proposed standard for testing soiling and cleanability of resilient floor coverings. Tenside Surfactants Detergents40(6) (2003) 346–352.Search in Google Scholar
15. Pesonen-Leinonen, E., RedsvenI., Kuisma, R., Hautala, M. and Sjöberg, A.-M.: Cleaning efficiencies of mop cloths on floor coverings. Tenside Surfactants Detergents40(2) (2003) 80–86.Search in Google Scholar
16. Grossi, C. M., Esbert, R. M., Díaz-Pache, F. and Alonso, F. J.: Soiling of building stones in urban environments. Building and Environment38(1) (2003) 147–159.10.1016/S0360-1323(02)00017-3Search in Google Scholar
17. Fowkes, F. M.: Attractive Forces at Interfaces. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry56(12) (1964) 40–52.10.1021/ie50660a008Search in Google Scholar
18. Owens, D. K. and Wendt, R. D.: Estimation of surface free energies of polymers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science13 (1969) 1741–1747.10.1002/app.1969.070130815Search in Google Scholar
19. Kwok, D. Y. and Neumann, A. W.: Contact angle measurement and contact angle interpretation. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science81(3) (1999) 167–249.10.1016/S0001-8686(98)00087-6Search in Google Scholar
20. Rankl, M., Laib, S. and Seeger, S.: Surface tension properties of surface-coatings for application in biodiagnostics determined by contact angle measurements. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces30(3) (2003) 177–186.10.1016/S0927-7765(03)00085-7Search in Google Scholar
21. Kuisma, R., Pesonen-Leinonen, E., Redsven, I., Kymäläinen, H.-R., Sjöberg, A.-M. and HautalaM.: Soiling tendency of worn, plastic flooring materials related to their surface topography. Tenside Surfactants Detergents42 (2005) 3, 154–162.Search in Google Scholar
22. Martens, D., Schoenmakers, G. and Bastein, T.: Power requirements in hard surface cleaning. Proceedings of the 39th International Detergency Conference (1999), Luxemburg, p. 289–294.Search in Google Scholar
23. Dutschk, V., Sabbatovskiy, K. G., Stolz, M., Grundke, K. and Rudoy, V. M.: Unusual wetting dynamics of aqueous surfactant solutions on polymer surfaces, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science267(2) (2003) 456–62.10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00723-9Search in Google Scholar
24. Michalski, M. C., Desobry, S., Babak, V. and Hardy, J.: Adhesion of food emulsions to packaging and equipment surfaces. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects149(–3) (1999) 107–121.10.1016/S0927-7757(98)00299-4Search in Google Scholar
25. Yaminsky, V. V. and Ninham, B. W.: Surface forces vs. surface compositions. Colloid science from the Gibbs adsorption perspective. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science83(1–3) (1999) 227–311.10.1016/S0001-8686(99)00006-8Search in Google Scholar
26. Comyn, J., Mascia, L., Xiao, G. and Parker, B. M.: Plasma-treatment of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for adhesive bonding, International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives16(2) (1996) 97–104.10.1016/0143-7496(96)89798-3Search in Google Scholar
27. Dutschk, V., Breitzke, B. and Grundke, K.: Wetting of Aqueous Surfactant Solutions on Polymer Surfaces. Tenside Surfactant Detergent40(5) (2003) 250–255.10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00723-9Search in Google Scholar
© 2005, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents/Inhalt
- Contents
- Abstracts
- Abstracts
- Review Article
- Pulmonary Surfactant and its in vitro Assessment Using Axisymmetric Drop Shape Analysis (ADSA): A Review
- Application
- Cleanability of Plastic Flooring Materials Related to their Surface Properties
- Soiling Tendency of Worn, Plastic Flooring Materials Related to their Surface Topography
- New Hydroxylated Cationic Gemini Surfactants as Effective Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium
- Physical Chemistry
- Dynamic Properties of Surfactants: Influence on Processes and Technologies
- Effect of Alcohols on the cmc and Micelle Ionization Degree of Alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(Dimethyldodecylammonium Bromide) Surfactants
- Molecular Dynamics
- The Self-Assembly of an Amphiphilic Block Copolymer: A Dissipative Particle Dynamics Study
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents/Inhalt
- Contents
- Abstracts
- Abstracts
- Review Article
- Pulmonary Surfactant and its in vitro Assessment Using Axisymmetric Drop Shape Analysis (ADSA): A Review
- Application
- Cleanability of Plastic Flooring Materials Related to their Surface Properties
- Soiling Tendency of Worn, Plastic Flooring Materials Related to their Surface Topography
- New Hydroxylated Cationic Gemini Surfactants as Effective Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium
- Physical Chemistry
- Dynamic Properties of Surfactants: Influence on Processes and Technologies
- Effect of Alcohols on the cmc and Micelle Ionization Degree of Alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(Dimethyldodecylammonium Bromide) Surfactants
- Molecular Dynamics
- The Self-Assembly of an Amphiphilic Block Copolymer: A Dissipative Particle Dynamics Study